Oracle ROWNUM vs Oracle ROW_NUMBER
ROWNUM 是伪列,并没有实际意义。在ORDER BY执行之前,oracle给每一行查询结果赋予一个编号。
ROW_NUMBER 是oracle提供的函数,通过参数为查询结果编号。
区别
- ROWNUM 是伪列,没有参数。ROW_NUMBER 是分析函数,有参数。
- ROWNUM 在ORDER BY之前赋予查询结果。ROW_NUMBER 是 column 计算的一部分。
- ROWNUM 是唯一的。ROW_NUMBER 可以重复。
代码例子
SELECT ROWNUM, first_name, last_name, address_state
FROM student;
SELECT first_name, last_name, address_state,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY address_state ORDER BY last_name) AS row_number_value
FROM student;
ROW_NUMBER 分组排序
需求: 学生按照地域分组,每个地域选取名字排序的前20个。
sql:
select * from (
SELECT first_name, last_name, address_state,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY address_state ORDER BY last_name) AS row_number_value
FROM student
) t
where t.row_number_value <= 20
ROWNUM limit
需求:
按照last_name排序,取名字排序的前五名。
错误的方法:
SELECT ROWNUM, first_name, last_name, address_state
FROM student
WHERE ROWNUM <= 5
ORDER BY last_name;
这个sql是先给每一行查询结果赋予ROWNUM,然后通过ROWNUM <=5 截取前五条数据。然后再对前五条数据进行排序。
下面是正确的实现方法:
SELECT ROWNUM, first_name, last_name, address_state
FROM (
SELECT first_name, last_name, address_state
FROM student
ORDER BY last_name
) sub
WHERE ROWNUM <= 5;