MATLAB GUI创建图形用户界面/交互界面

目录

目标：根据自己写的函数，写一个交互式界面。

第一步：命令窗口输入guide，得到 “.fig” 和 “.m” 文件

第二步：设计界面

第三步：编写界面中元素对应代码

第四步 结果

参考资料

---

目标：根据自己写的函数，写一个交互式界面。

其实整体较简单，关键是理解整个MATLAB GUI 运行的逻辑！

PS 一切将简单问题复杂化的东西，真的可恨！

第一步：命令窗口输入guide，得到 “.fig” 和 “.m” 文件

第二步：设计界面

 

第三步：编写界面中元素对应代码

上述界面框对应的代码如下：

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 主函数 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
function varargout = Example_test(varargin)
% EXAMPLE_TEST MATLAB code for Example_test.fig
%      EXAMPLE_TEST, by itself, creates a new EXAMPLE_TEST or raises the existing
%      singleton*.
%
%      H = EXAMPLE_TEST returns the handle to a new EXAMPLE_TEST or the handle to
%      the existing singleton*.
%
%      EXAMPLE_TEST('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local
%      function named CALLBACK in EXAMPLE_TEST.M with the given input arguments.
%
%      EXAMPLE_TEST('Property','Value',...) creates a new EXAMPLE_TEST or raises the
%      existing singleton*.  Starting from the left, property value pairs are
%      applied to the GUI before Example_test_OpeningFcn gets called.  An
%      unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application
%      stop.  All inputs are passed to Example_test_OpeningFcn via varargin.
%
%      *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu.  Choose "GUI allows only one
%      instance to run (singleton)".
%
% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES

% Edit the above text to modify the response to help Example_test

% Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 07-Aug-2020 15:16:01

% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
gui_Singleton = 1;
gui_State = struct('gui_Name',       mfilename, ...
                   'gui_Singleton',  gui_Singleton, ...
                   'gui_OpeningFcn', @Example_test_OpeningFcn, ...
                   'gui_OutputFcn',  @Example_test_OutputFcn, ...
                   'gui_LayoutFcn',  [] , ...
                   'gui_Callback',   []);
if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})
    gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});
end

if nargout
    [varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
else
    gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
end
% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% openingfucntion %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% --- Executes just before Example_test is made visible.
function Example_test_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.
% hObject    handle to figure
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% varargin   command line arguments to Example_test (see VARARGIN)

% Choose default command line output for Example_test
handles.output = hObject;

% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);


% UIWAIT makes Example_test wait for user response (see UIRESUME)
% uiwait(handles.figure1);

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% output function %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.
function varargout = Example_test_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles) 
% varargout  cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);
% hObject    handle to figure
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Get default command line output from handles structure
varargout{1} = handles.output;


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 编辑文本1 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
function edit1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to edit1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit1 as text
%        str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit1 as a double


% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function edit1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to edit1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called

% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
%       See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
    set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 编辑文本2 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
function edit2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to edit2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit2 as text
%        str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit2 as a double


% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function edit2_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to edit2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called

% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
%       See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
    set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end



%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 按钮1 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton1.
function pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to pushbutton1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

[Filename, Pathname]=uigetfile('*.txt;*.xlsx','Select Input Ground Motion'); % Raw download PEER data
file=[Pathname,Filename];
data=importdata(file);
handles.data=data;  % 不同子函数之间进行数据传输

axes(handles.axes1);
plot(data,'k','linewidth',1,'Color',[0.7 0.7 0.7]);

guidata(hObject,handles)


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 按钮2 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton2.
function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

thres=get(handles.edit1,'string');
thres=str2double(thres);

data=handles.data;
data=data(data>thres);

axes(handles.axes2);
plot(data,'k','linewidth',1,'Color',[0.7 0.7 0.7]);


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 将结果写入 编辑文档2 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
S=data(1:2,1);
C=num2str(S'); % 行向量！
set(handles.edit2,'String',C)

主要注意如下几点：

（1）核心是写“按钮”和“可编辑文档”对应的callback部分，其他（如主函数，opening function, output function）不需要动！

（2）了解不同子函数间数据是如何传递的，本文中采用的代码如下，其他方式详见Matlab的GUI参数传递方式总结。

data=importdata(file);
handles.data=data;  % 不同子函数之间进行数据传输

guidata(hObject,handles) % 在子函数最后，一定要加上这句！

（3）如何画图，本文采用的代码如下：

axes(handles.axes1);
plot(data,'k','linewidth',1,'Color',[0.7 0.7 0.7]);

（4）如何清空图形和“可编辑文本”内的文字，代码如下

function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
try
    delete(allchild(handles.axes1));
end

set(handles.edit1,'String','');

（5）理解“get函数”和“set函数”在GUI中的意义！

（6）一个文本框内放入向量，思路是将向量变成字符串，注意得是行向量！

S=data(1:2,1);
C=num2str(S'); % 行向量！
set(handles.edit2,'String',C)

 

第四步 结果

 

参考资料

[1] Matlab GUI界面设计

[2] matlab GUI界面编程总结

[3] matlab编程GUI基础