MySQL技巧

• 服务安装：C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.0/bin>mysqld-nt --install ServiceName --defaults-file="C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.0/my.ini"（配置文件）
• 服务卸载：C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.0/bin>mysqld-nt --remove ServiceName
• MysqlSlap:MySQL从5.1.4版开始带有一个压力测试工具mysqlslap，通过模拟多个并发客户端访问mysql来执行测试，使用起来非常的简单。通过mysqlslap –help可以获得可用的选项，这里列一些主要的参数，更详细的说明参考官方手册。

  –auto-generate-sql, -a
  自动生成测试表和数据

  –auto-generate-sql-load-type=type
  测试语句的类型。取值包括：read，key，write，update和mixed(默认)。

  –number-char-cols=N, -x N
  自动生成的测试表中包含多少个字符类型的列，默认1

  –number-int-cols=N, -y N
  自动生成的测试表中包含多少个数字类型的列，默认1

  –number-of-queries=N
  总的测试查询次数

  –query=name,-q
  使用自定义脚本执行测试，例如可以调用自定义的一个存储过程或者sql语句来执行测试。

  –create-schema
  测试的schema，MySQL中schema也就是database

  –commint=N
  多少条DML后提交一次

  –compress, -C
  如果服务器和客户端支持都压缩，则压缩信息传递

  –concurrency=N, -c N
  并发量，也就是模拟多少个客户端同时执行select。可指定多个值，以逗号或者–delimiter参数指定的值做为分隔符

  –engine=engine_name, -e engine_name
  创建测试表所使用的存储引擎，可指定多个

  –iterations=N, -i N
  测试执行的迭代次数

  –detach=N
  执行N条语句后断开重连

  –debug-info, -T
  打印内存和CPU的信息

  –only-print
  只打印测试语句而不实际执行

  测试的过程需要生成测试表，插入测试数据，这个mysqlslap可以自动生成，默认生成一个mysqlslap的schema，如果已经存在则先 删除，这里要注意了，不要用–create-schema指定已经存在的库，否则后果可能很严重。可以用–only-print来打印实际的测试过程：

  $mysqlslap -a --only-print
  DROP SCHEMA IF EXISTS `mysqlslap`;
  CREATE SCHEMA `mysqlslap`;
  use mysqlslap;
  CREATE TABLE `t1` (intcol1 INT(32) ,charcol1 VARCHAR(128));
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (1804289383,'mxvtvmC9127qJNm06sGB8R92q2j7vTiiITRDGXM9ZLzkdekbWtmXKwZ2qG1llkRw5m9DHOFilEREk3q7oce8O3BEJC0woJsm6uzFAEynLH2xCsw1KQ1lT4zg9rdxBL');
  ...
  SELECT intcol1,charcol1 FROM t1;
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (364531492,'qMa5SuKo4M5OM7ldvisSc6WK9rsG9E8sSixocHdgfa5uiiNTGFxkDJ4EAwWC2e4NL1BpAgWiFRcp1zIH6F1BayPdmwphatwnmzdwgzWnQ6SRxmcvtd6JRYwEKdvuWr');
  DROP SCHEMA IF EXISTS `mysqlslap`;

  可以看到最后由删除一开始创建的schema的动作，整个测试完成后不会在数据库中留下痕迹。假如我们执行一次测试，分别50和100个并发，执行1000次总查询，那么：

  $mysqlslap -a --concurrency=50,100 --number-of-queries 1000 --debug-info
  Benchmark
  Average number of seconds to run all queries: 0.375 seconds
  Minimum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.375 seconds
  Maximum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.375 seconds
  Number of clients running queries: 50
  Average number of queries per client: 20
  
  Benchmark
  Average number of seconds to run all queries: 0.453 seconds
  Minimum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.453 seconds
  Maximum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.453 seconds
  Number of clients running queries: 100
  Average number of queries per client: 10
  
  User time 0.29, System time 0.11
  Maximum resident set size 0, Integral resident set size 0
  Non-physical pagefaults 4032, Physical pagefaults 0, Swaps 0
  Blocks in 0 out 0, Messages in 0 out 0, Signals 0
  Voluntary context switches 7319, Involuntary context switches 681

  上结果可以看出，50和100个并发分别得到一次测试结果(Benchmark)，并发数越多，执行完所有查询的时间越长。为了准确起见，可以多迭代测试几次:

  $ mysqlslap -a --concurrency=50,100 --number-of-queries 1000 --iterations=5 --debug-info
  Benchmark
  Average number of seconds to run all queries: 0.380 seconds
  Minimum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.377 seconds
  Maximum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.385 seconds
  Number of clients running queries: 50
  Average number of queries per client: 20
  
  Benchmark
  Average number of seconds to run all queries: 0.447 seconds
  Minimum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.444 seconds
  Maximum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.451 seconds
  Number of clients running queries: 100
  Average number of queries per client: 10
  
  User time 1.44, System time 0.67
  Maximum resident set size 0, Integral resident set size 0
  Non-physical pagefaults 17922, Physical pagefaults 0, Swaps 0
  Blocks in 0 out 0, Messages in 0 out 0, Signals 0
  Voluntary context switches 36796, Involuntary context switches 4093

  测试同时不同的存储引擎的性能进行对比：

  $ mysqlslap -a --concurrency=50,100 --number-of-queries 1000 --iterations=5 --engine=myisam,innodbmysqlslap -a --concurrency=50,100 --number-of-queries 1000 --iterations=5 --engine=myisam,innodb --debug-info
  Benchmark
  Running for engine myisam
  Average number of seconds to run all queries: 0.200 seconds
  Minimum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.188 seconds
  Maximum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.210 seconds
  Number of clients running queries: 50
  Average number of queries per client: 20
  
  Benchmark
  Running for engine myisam
  Average number of seconds to run all queries: 0.238 seconds
  Minimum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.228 seconds
  Maximum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.251 seconds
  Number of clients running queries: 100
  Average number of queries per client: 10
  
  Benchmark
  Running for engine innodb
  Average number of seconds to run all queries: 0.375 seconds
  Minimum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.370 seconds
  Maximum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.379 seconds
  Number of clients running queries: 50
  Average number of queries per client: 20
  
  Benchmark
  Running for engine innodb
  Average number of seconds to run all queries: 0.443 seconds
  Minimum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.440 seconds
  Maximum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.447 seconds
  Number of clients running queries: 100
  Average number of queries per client: 10
  
  User time 2.83, System time 1.66
  Maximum resident set size 0, Integral resident set size 0
  Non-physical pagefaults 34692, Physical pagefaults 0, Swaps 0
  Blocks in 0 out 0, Messages in 0 out 0, Signals 0
  Voluntary context switches 87306, Involuntary context switches 10326