一、MVC简介
如图在Controller层完成业务数据的抽取,在View层负责业务数据的呈现,在前端控制器层实现分发调度。
MVC的核心就是业务数据抽取同业务数据使之呈现相分离
如一个网页我们看到的页面称为视图层也就是View,主要就是为用户提供UI和重要的数据呈现
业务数据的信息表示,关注支撑业务的信息构成,一般是多个业务实体的组合称为Model(模型层)
调用业务逻辑产生合适的数据,并传递数据给视图层用于呈现称为Controller(控制层)
从上可以看出MVC其实是一种架构模式,使程序分层,分工合作,既相互独立又协同工作
二、Spring MVC基本概念
如图在视图层发起请求经过DispatcherServlet分发然后Controller层掉调用业务业务逻辑层的并返回数据给视图层
三、使用Maven搭建SpringMVC项目
1、Maven安装及配置
https://blog.csdn.net/daffordil/article/details/89419252
2、创建Maven项目
最后项目包含pom且构建完成就成功了
3、导入SpringMVC需要的依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>4.1.3.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- common tools -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-lang</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang</artifactId>
<version>2.6</version>
</dependency>
<!--log-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>1.7.30</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
4、由上目录发现创建完的项目没有java、resources和test文件夹没有就自己创建
如果创建的文件没有改变颜色,则如果选取对应的颜色即可
如上基本的框架算是完成了
5、在对应的目录下 创建mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!-- 激活 @Requird @Autowired,JSR250's @PostConstruce @PreDestroy
and @Resource 等标注-->
<context:annotation-config/>
<!-- DispatcherServlet 上下文,只搜索@Controller标注的类,不搜索其他标注的类如@Service-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.xiaofan.controller">
<context:include-filter type="annotation"
expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
</context:component-scan>
<!-- HandlerMapping, 无需配置, Spring MVC可以默认启动。 DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping
annotation-driven HandlerMapping -->
<!-- 扩充了注解驱动,可以将请求参数绑定到控制器参数 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!-- 配置ViewResolver。 可以用多个ViewResolver。
使用order属性排序。 InternalResourceViewResolver放在最后。 -->
<!-- 使用jstl显示view-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsps/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
</beans>
配置web.xml文件
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app>
<display-name>Spring MVC Study</display-name>
<!-- DispatcherServlet, Spring MVC的核心 -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- DispatcherServlet对应的上下文配置,默认为/WEB-INF/$servlet-name$-servlet.xml -->
<!--如果不配置 init-param 则加载默认路径的文件-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/configs/spring/mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
<!-- mvc-dispatcher 拦截所有的请求 -->
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
6、在需要扫描的目录下创建controller
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public class HelloMvcController {
@RequestMapping("/mvc")
public String helloMvc() {
//访问路径http:****:8080/hello/mvc
return "home";
}
}
7、配置Tomcat测试当前项目能否启动成功,能否显示对应的home.jsp中的内容
如果出现
则是需要 下载jakarta-taglibs-standard-1.1.2.zip这个包,解压缩后将standard和jstl两个包放入Tomcat的lib下即可
如果Tomcat日志乱码则找到Tomcat的安装目录中的conf,在打开logging.properties,
找到java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler.encoding = UTF-8并删除即可
上述实现在资源中有demo可以下载
四、使用Spring MVC进行开发
1、首先替换web.xml的申明为2.4为了使用EL表达式
<web-app version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
2、在web.xml中添加applicationContext的引用
<!-- Spring 应用上下文,层次化的ApplicaContext-->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/configs/spring/applicationContext*.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
2、创建applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!-- 启动基于annotation的el管理-->
<context:annotation-config/>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.xiaofan">
<context:exclude-filter type="annotation"
expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
</context:component-scan>
</beans>
3、创建CourseController,并且实现不同类型的返回并且添加依赖
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/courses")
public class CourseController {
private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CourseController.class);
private CourseService courseService;
@Autowired
public void setCourseService(CourseService courseService) {
this.courseService = courseService;
}
//localhost:8080/courses/view?courseid=111
@RequestMapping(value = "/view", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String viewCourse(@RequestParam("courseid") Integer courseid, Model model) {
log.debug("传入的courseid={}", courseid);
Course course = courseService.getCourseById(courseid);
model.addAttribute(course);
return "course";
}
/**
* restful请求方式
* localhost:8080/courses/view2/123
*
* @param courseid
* @param model
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/view2/{courseid}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String viewCourse2(@PathVariable("courseid") Integer courseid,
Map<String, Object> model) {
Course course = courseService.getCourseById(courseid);
model.put("course", course);
return "course";
}
/**
* 传统请求方式,且需要从Maven添加javax.servlet依赖
* localhost:8080/view3?courseid=123
*
* @param request
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("view3")
public String viewCourse3(HttpServletRequest request) {
Integer courseid = Integer.valueOf(request.getParameter("courseid"));
Course course = courseService.getCourseById(courseid);
request.setAttribute("course", course);
return "course";
}
/**
* localhost:8080/courses/admin?add
*
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/admin", method = RequestMethod.GET, params = "add")
public String createCourse() {
return "course_admin/edit";
}
//在doSave入参出使用@ModelAttribute Course course也是一样的
@RequestMapping(value = "/save", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String doSave(Course course) {
//业务逻辑,存库等操作
course.setCourseid(11111);
log.debug("doSave---> " + ReflectionToStringBuilder.toString(course));
return "redirect:view2/" + course.getCourseid();
}
//跳转到上传页面界面 localhost:8080/courses/upload
@RequestMapping(value = "/upload", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String showUploadPage() {
return "course_admin/file";
}
/**
* 上传文件需要使用commons-fileupload依赖
* @param file
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/doUpload", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String doUploadFile(@RequestParam("file") MultipartFile file) {
if (!file.isEmpty()) {
System.err.println("上传的文件名称--》" + file.getOriginalFilename());
try {
FileUtils.copyInputStreamToFile(file.getInputStream(), new File("D:\\test\\",
System.currentTimeMillis() + "" + file.getOriginalFilename()));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return "course_admin/success";
}
/**
* localhost:8080/courses/12
* 返回json需要使用jackson.core依赖
* @param courseid
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/{courseid}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public @ResponseBody
Course getCourseInJson(@PathVariable Integer courseid) {
return courseService.getCourseById(courseid);
}
/**
* localhost:8080/courses/jsontype/12
* 返回json
* @param courseid
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/jsontype/{courseid}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public ResponseEntity<Course> getCourseInJson2(@PathVariable Integer courseid) {
Course course = courseService.getCourseById(courseid);
return new ResponseEntity<Course>(course, HttpStatus.OK);
}
//localhost:8080/coursejson.jsp?courseid=123
}
完整的mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!-- 激活 @Requird @Autowired,JSR250's @PostConstruce @PreDestroy
and @Resource 等标注-->
<context:annotation-config/>
<!-- DispatcherServlet 上下文,只搜索@Controller标注的类,不搜索其他标注的类如@Service-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.xiaofan">
<context:include-filter type="annotation"
expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
</context:component-scan>
<!-- HandlerMapping, 无需配置, Spring MVC可以默认启动。 DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping
annotation-driven HandlerMapping -->
<!-- 扩充了注解驱动,可以将请求参数绑定到控制器参数 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!-- 静态资源处理,css ,js,imgs -->
<mvc:resources mapping="/resources/**" location="/resources/"/>
<!-- 配置ViewResolver。 可以用多个ViewResolver。
使用order属性排序。 InternalResourceViewResolver放在最后。 -->
<!-- 200*1024*1024即200M resolveLazily属性启用是为了推迟文件解析,以便捕获文件大小异常-->
<bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
<property name="maxUploadSize" value="209715200"/>
<property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>
<property name="resolveLazily" value="true"/>
</bean>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.ContentNegotiatingViewResolver">
<property name="order" value="1"/>
<property name="mediaTypes">
<map>
<entry key="json" value="application/json"/>
<entry key="xml" value="application/xml"/>
<entry key="htm" value="text/html"/>
</map>
</property>
<property name="defaultViews">
<list>
<!-- Json view-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.json.MappingJackson2JsonView"/>
</list>
</property>
<property name="ignoreAcceptHeader" value="true"/>
</bean>
<!-- 使用jstl显示view-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsps/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
</beans>
file.jsp
<div align="center">
<h1>上传附件</h1>
<form method="post" action="/courses/doUpload" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<input type="file" name="file">
<input type="submit">
</form>
</div>
以上就是SpringMVC的基本使用,我会在资源中放入源码(SpringMVC完整demo.zip)