Java Web之 Spring MVC

一、MVC简介

如图在Controller层完成业务数据的抽取，在View层负责业务数据的呈现，在前端控制器层实现分发调度。

MVC的核心就是业务数据抽取同业务数据使之呈现相分离

如一个网页我们看到的页面称为视图层也就是View，主要就是为用户提供UI和重要的数据呈现

业务数据的信息表示，关注支撑业务的信息构成，一般是多个业务实体的组合称为Model（模型层）

调用业务逻辑产生合适的数据，并传递数据给视图层用于呈现称为Controller（控制层）

 从上可以看出MVC其实是一种架构模式，使程序分层，分工合作，既相互独立又协同工作

二、Spring MVC基本概念

 

 

如图在视图层发起请求经过DispatcherServlet分发然后Controller层掉调用业务业务逻辑层的并返回数据给视图层

 

三、使用Maven搭建SpringMVC项目 

1、Maven安装及配置

    https://blog.csdn.net/daffordil/article/details/89419252

2、创建Maven项目

 最后项目包含pom且构建完成就成功了

3、导入SpringMVC需要的依赖

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.3.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--    common tools    -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-lang</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-lang</artifactId>
            <version>2.6</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--log-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
            <version>1.7.30</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

4、由上目录发现创建完的项目没有java、resources和test文件夹没有就自己创建

如果创建的文件没有改变颜色，则如果选取对应的颜色即可

如上基本的框架算是完成了

5、在对应的目录下 创建mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!--    激活 @Requird @Autowired,JSR250's @PostConstruce @PreDestroy
    and @Resource 等标注-->
    <context:annotation-config/>

    <!--    DispatcherServlet 上下文，只搜索@Controller标注的类，不搜索其他标注的类如@Service-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.xiaofan.controller">
        <context:include-filter type="annotation"
                                expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
    </context:component-scan>
    <!-- HandlerMapping, 无需配置， Spring MVC可以默认启动。 DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping
            annotation-driven HandlerMapping -->

    <!-- 扩充了注解驱动，可以将请求参数绑定到控制器参数 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>
    <!-- 配置ViewResolver。 可以用多个ViewResolver。
    使用order属性排序。 InternalResourceViewResolver放在最后。 -->
    <!--    使用jstl显示view-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsps/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>

    </bean>
</beans>

配置web.xml文件

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
        "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
        "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>
    <display-name>Spring MVC Study</display-name>

    <!-- DispatcherServlet, Spring MVC的核心 -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!-- DispatcherServlet对应的上下文配置，默认为/WEB-INF/$servlet-name$-servlet.xml   -->

        <!--如果不配置 init-param 则加载默认路径的文件-->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>/WEB-INF/configs/spring/mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>

    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
        <!-- mvc-dispatcher 拦截所有的请求   -->
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

6、在需要扫描的目录下创建controller

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public class HelloMvcController {

    @RequestMapping("/mvc")
    public String helloMvc() {
        //访问路径http:****:8080/hello/mvc

        return "home";
    }
}

7、配置Tomcat测试当前项目能否启动成功，能否显示对应的home.jsp中的内容

如果出现

则是需要 下载jakarta-taglibs-standard-1.1.2.zip这个包，解压缩后将standard和jstl两个包放入Tomcat的lib下即可

如果Tomcat日志乱码则找到Tomcat的安装目录中的conf，在打开logging.properties，

找到java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler.encoding = UTF-8并删除即可

上述实现在资源中有demo可以下载

四、使用Spring MVC进行开发

1、首先替换web.xml的申明为2.4为了使用EL表达式

<web-app version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee 
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">

2、在web.xml中添加applicationContext的引用

 <!--    Spring 应用上下文，层次化的ApplicaContext-->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>/WEB-INF/configs/spring/applicationContext*.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

2、创建applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <!--    启动基于annotation的el管理-->
    <context:annotation-config/>

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.xiaofan">
        <context:exclude-filter type="annotation"
                                expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
    </context:component-scan>

</beans>

3、创建CourseController，并且实现不同类型的返回并且添加依赖

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/courses")
public class CourseController {
    private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CourseController.class);
    private CourseService courseService;

    @Autowired
    public void setCourseService(CourseService courseService) {
        this.courseService = courseService;
    }

    //localhost:8080/courses/view?courseid=111
    @RequestMapping(value = "/view", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String viewCourse(@RequestParam("courseid") Integer courseid, Model model) {
        log.debug("传入的courseid={}", courseid);
        Course course = courseService.getCourseById(courseid);
        model.addAttribute(course);
        return "course";
    }

    /**
     * restful请求方式
     * localhost:8080/courses/view2/123
     *
     * @param courseid
     * @param model
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "/view2/{courseid}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String viewCourse2(@PathVariable("courseid") Integer courseid,
                              Map<String, Object> model) {
        Course course = courseService.getCourseById(courseid);
        model.put("course", course);
        return "course";
    }

    /**
     * 传统请求方式，且需要从Maven添加javax.servlet依赖
     * localhost:8080/view3?courseid=123
     *
     * @param request
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping("view3")
    public String viewCourse3(HttpServletRequest request) {
        Integer courseid = Integer.valueOf(request.getParameter("courseid"));
        Course course = courseService.getCourseById(courseid);
        request.setAttribute("course", course);
        return "course";
    }

    /**
     * localhost:8080/courses/admin?add
     *
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "/admin", method = RequestMethod.GET, params = "add")
    public String createCourse() {
        return "course_admin/edit";
    }

    //在doSave入参出使用@ModelAttribute Course course也是一样的
    @RequestMapping(value = "/save", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public String doSave(Course course) {
        //业务逻辑，存库等操作
        course.setCourseid(11111);
        log.debug("doSave--->   " + ReflectionToStringBuilder.toString(course));
        return "redirect:view2/" + course.getCourseid();
    }

    //跳转到上传页面界面 localhost:8080/courses/upload
    @RequestMapping(value = "/upload", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String showUploadPage() {

        return "course_admin/file";
    }

    /**
     * 上传文件需要使用commons-fileupload依赖
     * @param file
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "/doUpload", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public String doUploadFile(@RequestParam("file") MultipartFile file) {
        if (!file.isEmpty()) {
            System.err.println("上传的文件名称--》" + file.getOriginalFilename());
            try {
                FileUtils.copyInputStreamToFile(file.getInputStream(), new File("D:\\test\\",
                        System.currentTimeMillis() + "" + file.getOriginalFilename()));
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return "course_admin/success";
    }

    /**
     * localhost:8080/courses/12 
     * 返回json需要使用jackson.core依赖
     * @param courseid
     * @return
     */

    @RequestMapping(value = "/{courseid}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public @ResponseBody
    Course getCourseInJson(@PathVariable Integer courseid) {
        return courseService.getCourseById(courseid);
    }


    /**
     * localhost:8080/courses/jsontype/12
     * 返回json
     * @param courseid
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "/jsontype/{courseid}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public ResponseEntity<Course> getCourseInJson2(@PathVariable Integer courseid) {
        Course course = courseService.getCourseById(courseid);
        return new ResponseEntity<Course>(course, HttpStatus.OK);
    }

     //localhost:8080/coursejson.jsp?courseid=123
}

完整的mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!--    激活 @Requird @Autowired,JSR250's @PostConstruce @PreDestroy
    and @Resource 等标注-->
    <context:annotation-config/>

    <!--    DispatcherServlet 上下文，只搜索@Controller标注的类，不搜索其他标注的类如@Service-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.xiaofan">
        <context:include-filter type="annotation"
                                expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
    </context:component-scan>
    <!-- HandlerMapping, 无需配置， Spring MVC可以默认启动。 DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping
            annotation-driven HandlerMapping -->

    <!-- 扩充了注解驱动，可以将请求参数绑定到控制器参数 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

    <!--  静态资源处理,css ,js,imgs -->
    <mvc:resources mapping="/resources/**" location="/resources/"/>
    <!-- 配置ViewResolver。 可以用多个ViewResolver。
    使用order属性排序。 InternalResourceViewResolver放在最后。 -->


    <!--    200*1024*1024即200M resolveLazily属性启用是为了推迟文件解析，以便捕获文件大小异常-->
    <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
        <property name="maxUploadSize" value="209715200"/>
        <property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>
        <property name="resolveLazily" value="true"/>
    </bean>

    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.ContentNegotiatingViewResolver">
        <property name="order" value="1"/>
        <property name="mediaTypes">
            <map>
                <entry key="json" value="application/json"/>
                <entry key="xml" value="application/xml"/>
                <entry key="htm" value="text/html"/>
            </map>
        </property>

        <property name="defaultViews">
            <list>
                <!-- Json view-->
                <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.json.MappingJackson2JsonView"/>
            </list>
        </property>
        <property name="ignoreAcceptHeader" value="true"/>
    </bean>

    <!--    使用jstl显示view-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsps/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

file.jsp

<div align="center">
    <h1>上传附件</h1>
    <form method="post" action="/courses/doUpload" enctype="multipart/form-data">
        <input type="file" name="file">
        <input type="submit">
    </form>
</div>

以上就是SpringMVC的基本使用，我会在资源中放入源码（SpringMVC完整demo.zip）