nocatalog下全备
SKIP 选项
Excludes datafiles or archived redo logs from the backup set according to the criteria specified by the following keywords.
Note: You can also specify this option in the backupSpec clause.
OFFLINE
Specifies that offline datafiles should be excluded from the backup set.
READONLY
Specifies that read-only datafiles should be excluded from the backup set.
INACCESSIBLE
Specifies that datafiles or archived redo logs that cannot be read due to I/O errors should be excluded from the backup set.
A datafile is only considered inaccessible if it cannot be read. Some offline datafiles can still be read because they still exist on disk. Others have been deleted or moved and
so cannot be read, making them inaccessible.
FILESPERSET = integer
Specifies the maximum number of input files in each backup set. If you set FILESPERSET = n, then RMAN never includes more than n files in a backup set. The default for
FILESPERSET is the lesser of these two values: 64, number of input files divided by the number of channels. For example, if you back up 100 datafiles by using two channels, RMAN sets FILESPERSET to 50.
RMAN always attempts to create enough backup sets so that all allocated channels have work to do. An exception to the rule occurs when there are more channels than files to back up. For example, if RMAN backs up two datafiles when three channels are allocated and FILESPERSET = 1, then one channel is necessarily idle.
示例:
平均文件数指:文件数/通道数。
allocate channel 提供备份并发度,若平均文件数<filesperset则会按照 平均文件数/备份集 进行备份,若超过则按照filesperset的数量生成备份集;例如:
1、run {
allocate channel ch1 type disk;
allocate channel ch2 type disk;
backup datafile 3,4,5,6 filesperset 3;
release channel ch1;
release channel ch2;
}
平均数是 4(文件数)/2(channel数) = 2 ,小于filesperset 3,则生成2个备份集,每个备份集包含2个数据文件
2、run {
allocate channel ch1 type disk;
allocate channel ch2 type disk;
backup datafile 3,4,5,6 filesperset 1;
release channel ch1;
release channel ch2;
}
则生成4个备份集,每个包含一个数据文件
rman nocatalog target sys/oracle msglog rmanLog.out append --将命令执行的日志追加到rmanLog.out文件,如果没有append,则会覆盖已有的rmanLog.out文件。
备份脚本:
######################################################################### ## t_database_backup.sh ## ## created by Tianlesoftware ## ## 2010-7-16 ## ######################################################################### #!/bin/sh # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Determine the user which is executing this script. # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- CUSER=`id |cut -d"(" -f2 | cut -d ")" -f1` # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Put output in <this file name>.out. Change as desired. # Note: output directory requires write permission. # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- RMAN_LOG_FILE=${0}.out # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # You may want to delete the output file so that backup information does # not accumulate. If not, delete the following lines. # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- if [ -f "$RMAN_LOG_FILE" ] then rm -f "$RMAN_LOG_FILE" fi # ----------------------------------------------------------------- # Initialize the log file. # ----------------------------------------------------------------- echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE chmod 666 $RMAN_LOG_FILE # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Log the start of this script. # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- echo Script $0 >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE echo ==== started on `date` ==== >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Oracle home path. # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1 export ORACLE_HOME # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # the Oracle SID of the target database. # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ORACLE_SID=oralife export ORACLE_SID # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # The Oracle DBA user id (account). # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ORACLE_USER=oracle export ORACLE_USER # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Set the Oracle Recovery Manager name. # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- RMAN=$ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Print out the value of the variables set by this script. # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE echo "RMAN: $RMAN" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE echo "ORACLE_SID: $ORACLE_SID" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE echo "ORACLE_USER: $ORACLE_USER" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE echo "ORACLE_HOME: $ORACLE_HOME" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Print out the value of the variables set by bphdb. # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE #echo "NB_ORA_FULL: $NB_ORA_FULL" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE #echo "NB_ORA_INCR: $NB_ORA_INCR" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE #echo "NB_ORA_CINC: $NB_ORA_CINC" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE #echo "NB_ORA_SERV: $NB_ORA_SERV" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE #echo "NB_ORA_POLICY: $NB_ORA_POLICY" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: This script assumes that the database is properly opened. If desired, # this would be the place to verify that. # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Call Recovery Manager to initiate the backup. # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- CMD_STR=" ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_HOME export ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID=$ORACLE_SID export ORACLE_SID $RMAN nocatalog target sys/admin msglog $RMAN_LOG_FILE append << EOF RUN { allocate channel c1 type disk; allocate channel c2 type disk; BACKUP FORMAT '/home/oracle/backup/oralife_%U_%T' skip inaccessible filesperset 5 DATABASE TAG oralife_hot_db_bk; sql 'alter system archive log current'; BACKUP FORMAT '/home/oracle/backup/arch_%U_%T' skip inaccessible filesperset 5 ARCHIVELOG ALL DELETE INPUT; backup current controlfile tag='bak_ctlfile' format='/home/oracle/backup/ctl_file_%U_%T'; backup spfile tag='spfile' format='/home/oracle/backup/oralife_spfile_%U_%T'; release channel c2; release channel c1; } report obsolete; delete noprompt obsolete; crosscheck backup; delete noprompt expired backup; list backup summary; #EOF " # Initiate the command string if [ "$CUSER" = "root" ] then echo "Root Command String: $CMD_STR" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$CMD_STR" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE RSTAT=$? else echo "User Command String: $CMD_STR" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE /bin/sh -c "$CMD_STR" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE RSTAT=$? fi # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Log the completion of this script. # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- if [ "$RSTAT" = "0" ] then LOGMSG="ended successfully" else LOGMSG="ended in error" fi echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE echo Script $0 >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE echo ==== $LOGMSG on `date` ==== >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE /bin/mailx -s "RMAN Backup SID " myEmail@xx.com < $RMAN_LOG_FILE exit $RSTAT当设置控制文件自动备份时,手动备份的控制文件,与spfile被标识为obsolete而被删除。
备份控制文件与spfile输出片段:
nocatalog下增量备份
notBackedUpSpec
Syntax Element Description
NOT BACKED UP Backs up only those files (of the files specified on the command) that RMAN has never backed up. This option is a convenient way to back up new files after adding them to the database.
SINCE TIME = 'date_string' Specifies the date after which RMAN should back up files that have no backups. The date_string is either a date in the current NLS_DATE_FORMAT, or a SQL date expression such as 'SYSDATE-1'. When calculating the number of backups for a file, RMAN only considers backups created on the same device type as the current backup.
This option is a convenient way to back up files that were not backed up during a previous failed backup. For example, you back up the database, but the instance fails halfway through. You can restart the backup with the NOT BACKED UP SINCE TIME clause and avoid backing up those files that you already backed up. If AS BACKUPSET is set, then this feature is only useful if RMAN generates multiple backup sets during the backup.
When determining whether a file has been backed up, the SINCE date is compared with the completion time of the most recent backup. For BACKUP AS BACKUPSET, the completion time for a file in a backup set is the completion time of the entire backup set. In other words, all files in the same backup set have the same completion time.
integer TIMES Backs up only those archived logs that have not been backed up at least integer times. To determine the number of backups for a file, RMAN only considers backups created on the same device type as the current backup.
This option is a convenient way to back up archived logs on a specified media (for example, you want to keep at least three copies of each log on tape).
BACKUP ARCHIVELOG ALL not backed up 2 times FORMAT 'G:/oracle/product/10.2.0/backup/arch_%U_%T' ;
not backed up 2 times
如果某归档日志已经备份了2次,rman就不再备份此归档日志。测试示例:
在执行脚本之前,先修改几个参数值:
1. DB 参数:
修改控制文件的保存时间,从默认的7天改成14天
SQL> show parameter control
SQL> alter system set control_file_record_keep_time=14 scope=both;
2. RMAN 参数:
开启控制文件的自动备份,开启之后在数据库备份或者数据文件(比如添加数据文件)有修改的时候都会自动备份控制文件和spfile文件。
RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
RMAN> CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 7 DAYS;
还要使用linux find exec rm来删除无用的备份的归档日志。
参考: