1、概述(可以直接跳过看第2部分)
Nginx方便地帮助我们实现了平滑升级。其原理简单概括,就是:
(1)在不停掉老进程的情况下,启动新进程。
(2)老进程负责处理仍然没有处理完的请求,但不再接受处理请求。
(3)新进程接受新请求。
(4)老进程处理完所有请求,关闭所有连接后,停止。
这样就很方便地实现了平滑升级。一般有两种情况下需要升级Nginx,一种是确实要升级Nginx的版本,另一种是要为Nginx添加新的模块。
2. 升级过程
具体的操作也很简单,如下:
(0)查看当前版本
在存放Nginx的可执行文件的目录下输入:
./nginx -V(1)下载新的Nginx版本并编译。 wget nginx-1.0.11.tar.gz tar zxvf nginx-1.0.11.tar.gz cd nginx-1.0.11 ./configure --add-module=/customized_module_0 --add-module=/customized_module_1 make
注意不要进行make install
(2)备份老版本的可执行文件
cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin sudo cp nginx nginx.old(3)修改配置文件
如果有必要的话,进行配置文件的修改。
(4)拷贝新的可执行文件
sudo cp /home/michael/tmp/nginx-1.0.11/objs/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin/(5)升级 cd /home/michael/tmp/nginx-1.0.11 make upgrade
(6)清理多余文件
rm -rf /home/michael/tmp/nginx-1.0.11(7)查看Nginx版本 cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin ./nginx -V
3、观察进程变化
在我的机器上可以观察到,我配置的是10个worker进程,启动后观察到:
root 6241 10419 0 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx nobody 6242 6241 2 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process nobody 6243 6241 0 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process nobody 6244 6241 0 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process nobody 6245 6241 0 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process nobody 6246 6241 0 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process nobody 6247 6241 0 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process nobody 6248 6241 0 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process nobody 6249 6241 0 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process nobody 6250 6241 0 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process nobody 6251 6241 1 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process nobody 6252 6241 0 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: cache manager process nobody 6253 6241 0 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: cache loader process luming 6310 25051 0 10:51 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx nobody 7995 10419 0 Jan12 ? 00:20:37 nginx: worker process is shutting down nobody 7996 10419 0 Jan12 ? 00:20:11 nginx: worker process is shutting down nobody 7998 10419 0 Jan12 ? 00:20:04 nginx: worker process is shutting down nobody 8003 10419 0 Jan12 ? 00:20:12 nginx: worker process is shutting down root 10419 1 0 Jan08 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx可见新的进程有1个master和10个worker,另外还有1个老的master(可以从时间上看出)和4个worker(其他6个老的worker已经处理完所有连接而shutdown了)。还有一个loader进程。过几秒种可以看到worker只有两个了: root 6241 10419 0 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx nobody 6242 6241 1 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process nobody 6243 6241 0 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process nobody 6244 6241 0 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process nobody 6245 6241 0 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process nobody 6246 6241 0 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process nobody 6247 6241 0 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process nobody 6248 6241 0 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process nobody 6249 6241 0 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process nobody 6250 6241 0 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process nobody 6251 6241 0 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process nobody 6252 6241 0 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: cache manager process nobody 6253 6241 0 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: cache loader process luming 6430 25051 0 10:51 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx nobody 7996 10419 0 Jan12 ? 00:20:11 nginx: worker process is shutting down nobody 8003 10419 0 Jan12 ? 00:20:12 nginx: worker process is shutting down root 10419 1 0 Jan08 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
再过一小会儿观察: root 6241 1 0 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx nobody 6242 6241 0 10:51 ? 00:00:01 nginx: worker process nobody 6243 6241 0 10:51 ? 00:00:01 nginx: worker process nobody 6244 6241 0 10:51 ? 00:00:01 nginx: worker process nobody 6245 6241 0 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process nobody 6246 6241 0 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process nobody 6247 6241 0 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process nobody 6248 6241 0 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process nobody 6249 6241 0 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process nobody 6250 6241 0 10:51 ? 00:00:01 nginx: worker process nobody 6251 6241 0 10:51 ? 00:00:02 nginx: worker process nobody 6252 6241 0 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: cache manager process luming 8680 25051 0 10:56 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
Congratulations! You can upgrade your Nginx server gracefully.
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