设计模式之观察者模式

什么是观察者模式：

      观察者模式定义了对象之间的一对多依赖，这样一来，当一个对象改变状态时，它的所有依赖者都会收到通知并自动更新。

条件：

       1.观察者模式定义了一系列对象之间的一对多关系

       2.当一个对象改变状态，其它依赖者都会收到通知      

 例子：    实现气象站--气象站发布最新的温度，湿度，气压； 订阅者可以及时看到最新的数据；并且实现订阅者的动态新增和删除

 

主题接口：

public interface Subject {
    public void registerObserver(Observer observer);

    public void removeObserver(Observer observer);

    public void notifyObservers();
}

 

 观察者接口：

public interface Observer {
    public void update(float temp,float humidity,float pressure);
}

 

布告板接口：

public interface DisplayElement {
    public void display();
}

 

WeatherData实现主题接口：

public class WeatherData implements Subject{
    private ArrayList observers;
    private float temperature;
    private float humidity;
    private float pressure;

    public WeatherData() {
        observers = new ArrayList();
    }

    @Override
public void registerObserver(Observer observer) {
        observers.add(observer);
    }

    @Override
public void removeObserver(Observer observer) {
        int i = observers.indexOf(observer);
        if (i >= 0) {
            observers.remove(i);
        }
    }

    @Override
public void notifyObservers() {
        for(int i=0; i<observers.size(); i++) {
            Observer observer = (Observer) observers.get(i);
            observer.update(temperature,humidity,pressure);
        }
    }

    public void measurementsChanged() {
        notifyObservers();
    }

    public void setMeasuremets(float temperature,float humidity,float pressure) {
        this.temperature = temperature;
        this.humidity = humidity;
        this.pressure = pressure;
        measurementsChanged();
    }

    public ArrayList getObservers() {
        return observers;
    }

    public void setObservers(ArrayList observers) {
        this.observers = observers;
    }

    public float getTemperature() {
        return temperature;
    }

    public void setTemperature(float temperature) {
        this.temperature = temperature;
    }

    public float getHumidity() {
        return humidity;
    }

    public void setHumidity(float humidity) {
        this.humidity = humidity;
    }

    public float getPressure() {
        return pressure;
    }

    public void setPressure(float pressure) {
        this.pressure = pressure;
    }
}

 

建立布告板：

public class CurrentConditionsDisplay implements Observer,DisplayElement {

    private float temperature;
    private float humidity;
    private Subject weatherData;

    public CurrentConditionsDisplay(Subject weatherData) {
        this.weatherData = weatherData;
        weatherData.registerObserver(this);
    }

    @Override
public void display() {
        System.out.println("Current Temperature:" + temperature);
        System.out.println("Current Humidity:" + humidity);
    }

    @Override
public void update(float temp, float humidity, float pressure) {
        this.temperature = temp;
        this.humidity = humidity;
        display();
    }
}

 

测试类

public class WeatherStation {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        WeatherData weatherData = new WeatherData();

        CurrentConditionsDisplay currentConditionsDisplay = new CurrentConditionsDisplay(weatherData);

        weatherData.setMeasuremets(80,70,30.4f);
    }
}

 

运行结果：

 

Current Temperature:80.0

Current Humidity:70.0