htdocs
index.html
<html>
<head>
<title>web server</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
</head>
<body>
<a href="http://www.w3school.com.cn">图片测试</a>
<form action="test.cgi" method="POST">
cgi参数获取测试:<input type="text" name="parameter" value="" size="20" maxlength="100">
<br>
<br>
<input type="submit" value="提交">
<input type="reset" value="重置">
</form>
</body>
</html>
test.cgi
#!/usr/bin/python
#coding:utf-8
import sys,os
length = os.getenv('CONTENT_LENGTH')
if length:
postdata = sys.stdin.read(int(length))
print "Content-type:text/html\n"
print '<html>'
print '<head>'
print '<title>POST</title>'
print '</head>'
print '<body>'
print '<h2> POST data </h2>'
print '<ul>'
for data in postdata.split('&'):
print '<li>'+data+'</li>'
print '</ul>'
print '</body>'
print '</html>'
else:
print "Content-type:text/html\n"
print 'no found'
httpd.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define ISspace(x) isspace((int)(x))
#define SERVER_STRING "Server: jdbhttpd/0.1.0\r\n"
void* accept_request(void *);
void bad_request(int);
void cat(int, FILE *);
void cannot_execute(int);
void error_die(const char *);
void execute_cgi(int, const char *, const char *, const char *);
int get_line(int, char *, int);
void headers(int, const char *);
void not_found(int);
void serve_file(int, const char *);
int startup(u_short *);
void unimplemented(int);
//accept 响应请求
void* accept_request(void* pclient)
{
char buf[1024];
int numchars;
char method[255];
char url[255];
char path[512];
size_t i, j;
struct stat st;
int cgi = 0; /* becomes true if server decides this is a CGI
* program */
char *query_string = NULL;
int client = *(int*)pclient;
//获取一行HTTP请求报文
numchars = get_line(client, buf, sizeof(buf));
i = 0; j = 0;
//提取其中的方法post或get到method
while (!ISspace(buf[j]) && (i < sizeof(method) - 1))
{
method[i] = buf[j];
i++; j++;
}
method[i] = '\0';
//tinyhttpd只实现了get post 方法
if (strcasecmp(method, "GET")&& strcasecmp(method, "POST"))
{
unimplemented(client);
return NULL;
}
//cgi为标志位,1表示开启CGI解析(POST方法)
if (strcasecmp(method, "POST") == 0)
cgi = 1;
i = 0;
//跳过method后面的空白字符
while (ISspace(buf[j]) && (j < sizeof(buf)))
j++;
//获取url
while (!ISspace(buf[j]) && (i < sizeof(url) - 1) && (j < sizeof(buf)))
{
url[i] = buf[j];
i++; j++;
}
url[i] = '\0';
//如果是get方法,url可能带?参数
if (strcasecmp(method, "GET") == 0)
{
query_string = url;
while ((*query_string != '?') && (*query_string != '\0'))
query_string++;
if (*query_string == '?')
{
//带参数需要执行cgi,解析参数
cgi = 1;
*query_string = '\0';
query_string++;
}
}
//以上 将起始行 解析完毕
sprintf(path, "htdocs%s", url);
//如果path是一个目录,默认设置首页为index.html
if (path[strlen(path) - 1] == '/')
strcat(path, "index.html");
//函数定义: int stat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf);
//函数说明: 通过文件名filename获取文件信息,并保存在buf所指的结构体stat中
//返回值: 执行成功则返回0,失败返回-1,错误代码存于errno(需要include <errno.h>)
if (stat(path, &st) == -1) {
//访问的网页不存在,则不断的读取剩余的请求头部信息,并丢弃
while ((numchars > 0) && strcmp("\n", buf)) /* read & discard headers */
numchars = get_line(client, buf, sizeof(buf));
not_found(client);
}
else
{
//访问你的网页存在则进行处理
//S_IFDIR 判断是否为目录
if ((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR)
strcat(path, "/index.html");
//S_IXUSR:文件所有者具有可执行权限,
//S_IXGRP:用户组具有可执行权限
if ((st.st_mode & S_IXUSR) ||
(st.st_mode & S_IXGRP) ||
(st.st_mode & S_IXOTH) )
cgi = 1;
if (!cgi)
//将静态文件返回
serve_file(client, path);
else
execute_cgi(client, path, method, query_string);
}
//THHP协议是面向无连接的,所以要关闭
close(client);
return NULL;
}
//告知客户端该请求有错误400
void bad_request(int client)
{
char buf[1024];
sprintf(buf, "HTTP/1.0 400 BAD REQUEST\r\n");
send(client, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, "Content-type: text/html\r\n");
send(client, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, "\r\n");
send(client, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, "<P>Your browser sent a bad request, ");
send(client, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, "such as a POST without a Content-Length.\r\n");
send(client, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
}
//把文件resource中的数据读取到client中
void cat(int client, FILE *resource)
{
char buf[1024];
fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), resource);
while (!feof(resource))
{
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), resource);
}
}
//告知客户端CGI脚本不能被执行,错误代码500
void cannot_execute(int client)
{
char buf[1024];
sprintf(buf, "HTTP/1.0 500 Internal Server Error\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, "Content-type: text/html\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, "\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, "<P>Error prohibited CGI execution.\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
}
//打印出错误信息并结束程序。
void error_die(const char *sc)
{
perror(sc);
exit(1);
}
/*execute_cgi函数负责将请求传递给cgi程序处理,
服务器与cgi之间通过管道pipe通信,首先初始化两个管道,并创建子进程去执行cgi函数
子进程执行cgi程序,获取cgi的标准输出通过管道传给父进程,由父进程发送给客户端
*/
//参数path指向执行的CGI脚本路径 ,method指向http的请求方法
void execute_cgi(int client, const char *path,
const char *method, const char *query_string)
{
char buf[1024];
int cgi_output[2];
int cgi_input[2];
pid_t pid;
int status;
int i;
char c;
int numchars = 1;
int content_length = -1;
buf[0] = 'A'; buf[1] = '\0';
//如果是get请求,读取并丢弃头部
if (strcasecmp(method, "GET") == 0)//
while ((numchars > 0) && strcmp("\n", buf)) /* read & discard headers */
numchars = get_line(client, buf, sizeof(buf));
else /* POST */
{
//如果是post请求
numchars = get_line(client, buf, sizeof(buf));
while ((numchars > 0) && strcmp("\n", buf))
{
buf[15] = '\0';
//读取头信息找到Content-Length字段的值
if (strcasecmp(buf, "Content-Length:") == 0)
//Content-Length:15
content_length = atoi(&(buf[16]));
numchars = get_line(client, buf, sizeof(buf));
}
if (content_length == -1) {
bad_request(client);
return;
}
}
//正确返回200
sprintf(buf, "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
//pipe(int filep[2]) 管道函数,f[0]读,f[1]写
//必须在fork()中调用pipe(),否则子进程不会继承文件描述符。
//两个进程必须有血缘关系才能使用pipe。但是可以使用命名管道。
if (pipe(cgi_output) < 0) {
cannot_execute(client);
return;
}
if (pipe(cgi_input) < 0) {
cannot_execute(client);
return;
}
if ( (pid = fork()) < 0 ) {
cannot_execute(client);
return;
}
/*子进程继承了父进程的pipe,然后通过关闭子进程output管道的输出端,input管道的写入端;
关闭父进程output管道的写入端,input管道的输出端*/
if (pid == 0) /* child: CGI script */
{
char meth_env[255];
char query_env[255];
char length_env[255];
//把stdout 重定向到cgi_output[1]
dup2(cgi_output[1], 1);
dup2(cgi_input[0], 0);
close(cgi_output[0]);//关闭cgi_output读端
close(cgi_input[1]); //关闭cgi_input 写端
sprintf(meth_env, "REQUEST_METHOD=%s", method);
putenv(meth_env);
if (strcasecmp(method, "GET") == 0) {
/*设置 query_string 的环境变量*/
sprintf(query_env, "QUERY_STRING=%s", query_string);
putenv(query_env);
}
else { /* POST */
/*设置 content_length 的环境变量*/
sprintf(length_env, "CONTENT_LENGTH=%d", content_length);
putenv(length_env);
}
//exec函数簇,执行CGI脚本,获取cgi的标准输出作为相应内容发送给客户端
execl(path, path, NULL);
exit(0);
}
else
{ /* parent */
close(cgi_output[1]);
close(cgi_input[0]);
/*通过关闭对应管道的通道,然后重定向子进程的管道某端,这样就在父子进程之间构建一条单双工通道
如果不重定向,将是一条典型的全双工管道通信机制
*/
if (strcasecmp(method, "POST") == 0)
for (i = 0; i < content_length; i++) {
recv(client, &c, 1, 0);//从客户端接收单个字符
write(cgi_input[1], &c, 1);
//数据传送过程:input[1](父进程) ——> input[0](子进程)[执行cgi函数] ——> STDIN ——> STDOUT
// ——> output[1](子进程) ——> output[0](父进程)[将结果发送给客户端]
}
while (read(cgi_output[0], &c, 1) > 0)//读取output的管道输出到客户端,output输出端为cgi脚本执行后的内容
send(client, &c, 1, 0);//即将cgi执行结果发送给客户端,即send到浏览器,如果不是POST则只有这一处理
close(cgi_output[0]);//关闭剩下的管道端,子进程在执行dup2之后,就已经关闭了管道一端通道
close(cgi_input[1]);
waitpid(pid, &status, 0);//等待子进程终止
}
}
//读取一行http报文,以\r 或\r\n为行结束符
//注:只是把\r\n之前的内容读取到buf中,最后再加一个\n\0
int get_line(int sock, char *buf, int size)
{
int i = 0;
char c = '\0';
int n;
//读取到的字符个数大于size或者读到\n结束循环
while ((i < size - 1) && (c != '\n'))
{
n = recv(sock, &c, 1, 0); //接收一个字符
/* DEBUG printf("%02X\n", c); */
if (n > 0)
{
if (c == '\r')//回车字符
{
/*使用 MSG_PEEK 标志使下一次读取依然可以得到这次读取的内容,可认为接收窗口不滑动*/
n = recv(sock, &c, 1, MSG_PEEK);
/* DEBUG printf("%02X\n", c); */
//读取到回车换行
if ((n > 0) && (c == '\n'))
recv(sock, &c, 1, 0);//还需要读取,因为之前一次的读取,相当于没有读取
else
c = '\n';//如果只读取到\r,也要终止读取
}
//没有读取到\r,则把读取到内容放在buf中
buf[i] = c;
i++;
}
else
c = '\n';
}
buf[i] = '\0';
return i;
//返回读取到的字符个数,不包括\0
}
//服务器向client发送响应头部信息
void headers(int client, const char *filename)
{
char buf[1024];
(void)filename; /* could use filename to determine file type */
strcpy(buf, "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
strcpy(buf, SERVER_STRING);
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, "Content-Type: text/html\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
strcpy(buf, "\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
}
//告知客户端404错误(没有找到)
void not_found(int client)
{
char buf[1024];
sprintf(buf, "HTTP/1.0 404 NOT FOUND\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, SERVER_STRING);
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, "Content-Type: text/html\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, "\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, "<HTML><TITLE>Not Found</TITLE>\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, "<BODY><P>The server could not fulfill\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, "your request because the resource specified\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, "is unavailable or nonexistent.\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, "</BODY></HTML>\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
}
/**********************************************************************/
/* Send a regular file to the client. Use headers, and report
* errors to client if they occur.
* Parameters: a pointer to a file structure produced from the socket
* file descriptor
* the name of the file to serve */
/**********************************************************************/
//调用 cat 把服务器文件内容返回给浏览器
void serve_file(int client, const char *filename)
{
FILE *resource = NULL;
int numchars = 1;
char buf[1024];
//读取,丢弃头部
buf[0] = 'A'; buf[1] = '\0';
while ((numchars > 0) && strcmp("\n", buf)) /* read & discard headers */
numchars = get_line(client, buf, sizeof(buf));
resource = fopen(filename, "r");
if (resource == NULL)
not_found(client);//文件不存在,返回404错误
else
{
headers(client, filename);//服务器向client发送响应头部信息,200
cat(client, resource);//将文件中的信息发送到client
}
fclose(resource);
}
//socket -->bind----> listen
int startup(u_short *port)
{
int httpd = 0;
struct sockaddr_in name;
httpd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (httpd == -1)
error_die("socket");
memset(&name, 0, sizeof(name));
name.sin_family = AF_INET;
name.sin_port = htons(*port);
name.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
if (bind(httpd, (struct sockaddr *)&name, sizeof(name)) < 0)
error_die("bind");
if (*port == 0) /* if dynamically allocating a port */
{
socklen_t namelen = sizeof(name);
if (getsockname(httpd, (struct sockaddr *)&name, &namelen) == -1)
error_die("getsockname");
*port = ntohs(name.sin_port);
}
if (listen(httpd, 5) < 0)
error_die("listen");
return(httpd);
}
//返回给浏览器表明收到的 HTTP 请求所用的 method 不被支持。501
void unimplemented(int client)
{
char buf[1024];
sprintf(buf, "HTTP/1.0 501 Method Not Implemented\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, SERVER_STRING);//Server: jdbhttpd/0.1.0\r\n
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, "Content-Type: text/html\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, "\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, "<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Method Not Implemented\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, "</TITLE></HEAD>\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, "<BODY><P>HTTP request method not supported.\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, "</BODY></HTML>\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
}
/**********************************************************************/
int main(void)
{
int server_sock = -1;
u_short port = 0; //监听端口号
int client_sock = -1;
struct sockaddr_in client_name;
socklen_t client_name_len = sizeof(client_name);
pthread_t newthread;
server_sock = startup(&port);//服务器端监听套接字设置
printf("httpd running on port %d\n", port);
while (1)
{
client_sock = accept(server_sock,
(struct sockaddr *)&client_name,
&client_name_len);
if (client_sock == -1)
error_die("accept");
/* accept_request(client_sock); */
if (pthread_create(&newthread , NULL, accept_request,(void *)&client_sock) != 0)
perror("pthread_create");
}
close(server_sock);
return(0);
}
simpleclient.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int sockfd;
int len;
struct sockaddr_in address;
int result;
char ch = 'A';
sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
address.sin_family = AF_INET;
address.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
address.sin_port = htons(9734);
len = sizeof(address);
result = connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, len);
if (result == -1)
{
perror("oops: client1");
exit(1);
}
//连接成功后,测试:写入一个字符A,然后读取,
write(sockfd, &ch, 1);
read(sockfd, &ch, 1);
printf("char from server = %c\n", ch);
//关闭连接
close(sockfd);
exit(0);
}
Makefile
all: httpd
httpd: httpd.c
gcc -W -Wall -o httpd httpd.c -lpthread
clean:
rm httpd
create_fifo.c
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<sys/stat.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<errno.h>
static char *FILE_NAME = "pipe";
int main(int argc, const char *argv[]) {
if (mkfifo(FILE_NAME, 0664) < 0) {
perror("mkfifo fails");
exit(-1);
}
return 0;
}
write_fifo.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <time.h>
#define BUFFER_SIZE 0x100001
const char *FILE_NAME = "pipe";
char *randstr(char *pointer, int n); //generate random data
int main() {
int fd; //file discription
FILE *fp = fopen("data.txt", "r");
if ((fd = open(FILE_NAME, O_WRONLY)) < 0) {
perror("open file error");
exit(-1);
}
printf("open for writing success!\n");
char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
ssize_t n;
while (1) {
int size = rand() % 100;
printf("the data size: %d\n", size - 1);//减去末尾'\0'
fgets(buffer, size, fp);
write(fd, buffer, strlen(buffer));
time_t now;
struct tm *tm_now;
time(&now);
tm_now = localtime(&now);
printf("send time: %d-%d-%d %d:%d:%d\n",tm_now->tm_year+1900, tm_now->tm_mon+1, tm_now->tm_mday, tm_now->tm_hour, tm_now->tm_min, tm_now->tm_sec);
sleep(5);
}
}
read_fifo.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>
#define BUFFER_SIZE 0x100001
const char *FILE_NAME = "pipe";
int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
int fd;
if((fd = open(FILE_NAME,O_RDONLY)) < 0)
{
perror("open error");
exit(-1);
}
printf("open fifo %s for reading success!\n",argv[0]);
char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
ssize_t n;
while(1)
{
if((n = read(fd,buffer,BUFFER_SIZE)) == -1)
{
perror("read fails");
return -1;
}
else if(n == 0)
{
printf("peer close fifo\n");
break;
}
else
{
buffer[n] = '\0';
printf("read %ld bytes from fifo:%s\n",n,buffer);
}
}
return 0;
}