一.系统设置
1.1 从user用户切换到root用户
#sudo su注意: 出于安全考虑,默认时Ubuntu的root用户时没有固定密码的,它的密码是随机产生并且动态改变的,貌似是每5分钟改变一次,所以用su(switch user)是不可以的,因为我们不知道root的密码
1.2 从root用户切回user用户
#su user#exit
#Ctrl+D
1.3 给root设定一个密码
默认root用户是无固定密码的,并且是被锁定的,如果想给root设置一个密码只需执行命令:sudo passwd root附:在图形模式下 系统->系统管理->用户和组 也可以给root设置密码
1.4 自定义系统命令
1)在用户主目录下创建bin目录2)#vim ~/.bashrc
export PATH=/home/adu/bin:$PATH
3)source ~/.bashrc
4)vim ~/bin/ssh160
#!/bin/sh
ssh root@10.3.20.160
二.更新源
2.1 备份
#sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.orig
2.2 编辑
#sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
- 13.10 saucy
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ saucy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ saucy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ saucy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ saucy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ saucy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ saucy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ saucy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ saucy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ saucy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ saucy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
- 14.10 utopic
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
2.3 更新
#sudo apt-get update三.快捷键
快捷键 | 意义 |
---|---|
Ctrl+Alt+T | 终端 |
Ctrl+Win+D | 桌面 |
Win | dash |
四.软件安装
dpkg -l --列出当前系统中所有的包.可以和参数less一起使用在分屏查看. (类似于rpm -qa)dpkg -i test.deb 安装deb包
• vim
• kerberos
1)安装kinit工具
#apt-get install krb5-user
2)配置
下载 http://kerberos.no.opi-corp.com/kerberos/krb5.conf 存放在 /etc/ 目录
3)kinit yunjie.du初始化
4 )ssh登陆其他主机!
• sun-java7
1)将jdk-7u45-linux-i586.tar.gz解决到/home/adu/programs
2)配置环境变量( ~/.bashrc)
export JAVA_HOME=/home/adu/programs/jdk1.7.0_45
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
3)#source ~/.bashrc
4)测试
#java -version
• eclipse
1)下载--eclipse-jee-juno-SR2-linux-gtk-x86_64.tar.gz ( http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/)
2)解压下,将eclipse目录放在用户软件目录下
3)直接运行eclipse即可
• redis
1)wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-2.8.3.tar.gz
2)tar xzf redis-2.8.3.tar.gz
3)cd redis-2.8.3d)make
4)make test
5)make install (安装到/usr/local/bin)
• adobe flash player
a)从 http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/ 下载install_flash_player_11_linux.x86_64.tar.gz
#tar xf install_flash_player_11_linux.x86_64.tar.gz
#
• 输入法
在“文本输入设置...”中,添加“汉语(极点五笔)”。装系统时如果没有联网,则默认可能没有此语言支持,更新语言支持即可。
1)sudo apt-get install ibus-table-wubi
2)重启
3)system settings-->Text Entry-->+-->Chinese(wubi-jidan86)
• Broadcom无线驱动
1)确定无线网卡具体型号
#lspci |grep -i network
02:00.0 Network controller: Broadcom Corporation BCM43142 802.11b/g/n (rev 01)
2)安装驱动
#sudo apt-get install bcmwl-kernel-source
• cscope和ctags
#sudo apt-get install cscope ctags
• mysql
#sudo apt-get install mysql-server
• svn
#sudo apt-get install subversion
• nginx
#sudo apt-get install nginx
• git
#sodo apt-get install git
• cherrytree
#sudo apt-get install cherrytree
或去http://www.giuspen.com/cherrytree/下最新的deb包。