8、使用浏览器Cookie

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最新推荐文章于 2023-12-23 02:07:02 发布

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分类专栏： ASP.NET 3.5 揭秘(卷2)学习笔记文章标签：浏览器 XHTML C C++ C#

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/wavaya/article/details/83921556

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使用浏览器Cookie

set-cookie:message=hello

注意：
Cookie就是一段文本。Cookie只能用于存储字符串值。

可以创建两种类型的cookie:会话Cookie和持久化Cookie
会话Cookie只存于内存，当用户关闭浏览器时，会话Cookie就永远消失了。
持久化Cookie可以存在几个月甚至几年。持久化Cookie创建后，会被浏览器长久地保存在用户的电脑上。
\Documents and Settings\[user]\Cookies

1、Cookie的安全性限制
首先，所有的Cookie是与域名相关的
其次，浏览器存储Cookie的重要限制是其大小的限制不能超过4096字节（包含所有的Cookie名称和值在内）
最后，大多数浏览器都限制可以被设置的cookie数量，一个域名不超过20个cookie （IE除外）

2、创建Cookie
Response.Cookies 集合添加Cookie
[code]
<%@ Page Language="C#" %>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<script runat="server">

protected void btnAdd_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Response.Cookies["message"].Value = txtCookieValue.Text;
}
</script>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head runat="server">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<form id="form1" runat="server">
<div>
<asp:Label ID="lblCookieValue" runat="server" AssociatedControlID="txtCookieValue"
Text="Cookie Value"></asp:Label>
<asp:TextBox ID="txtCookieValue" runat="server"></asp:TextBox>
<asp:Button ID="btnAdd" runat="server" Text="Add Value" OnClick="btnAdd_Click" />
</div>
</form>
</body>
</html>
[/code]
Cookie的名称是区分大小写的。
2011-5-11 11:48 danny

创建持久化的Cookie
[code]
<%@ Page Language="C#" %>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<script runat="server">

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
int counter = 0;
if (Request.Cookies["counter"] != null)
counter = Int32.Parse(Request.Cookies["counter"].Value);
counter++;
Response.Cookies["counter"].Value = counter.ToString();
Response.Cookies["counter"].Expires = DateTime.Now.AddYears(2);
lblCounter.Text = counter.ToString();
}
</script>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head runat="server">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<form id="form1" runat="server">
<div>
You have visited this page
<asp:Label ID="lblCounter" runat="server" Text="Label"></asp:Label>
times!
</div>
</form>
</body>
</html>
[/code]
Response.Cookies["counter"].Expires = DateTime.Now.AddYears(2);
设为两年。当为某个Cookie设置了过期时间后，该Cookie就被保存为持久化cookie了。

3、读取Cookie
可以使用Response.Cookies集合创建和修改Cookie，
可以使用Request.Cookies集合读取Cookie值

GetCookies.aspx
[code]
<%@ Page Language="C#" %>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<script runat="server">

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
ArrayList colCookies = new ArrayList();
for (int i = 0; i < Request.Cookies.Count; i++)
colCookies.Add(Request.Cookies[i]);
grdCookies.DataSource = colCookies;
grdCookies.DataBind();
}
</script>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head runat="server">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<form id="form1" runat="server">
<div>
<asp:GridView ID="grdCookies" runat="server">
</asp:GridView>
</div>
</form>
</body>
</html>

[/code]

4、设置Cookie属性
Domain 关联到的Cookie的域名。默认当前域名
Expires 指定过期时间
HasKeys 确定该Cookie是否是一个多值cookie
HttpOnly 避免Cookie被JavaScript访问
Name 用户指定Cookie的名称
Path 关联到Cookie的路径。默认值是/
Secure 指定Cookie需要通过SSL连接传递
Value 允许读/写Cookie的值
Values 多值

5、删除Cookie
删除Cookie的方法并不直观。要删除一个存在的Cookie，必须设置其过期时间为一个过去的时间。

DeleteAllCookies.aspx
[code]
<%@ Page Language="C#" %>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<script runat="server">

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
string[]
cookies = Request.Cookies.AllKeys;
foreach (string cookie in cookies)
{
BulletedList1.Items.Add("Deleting " + cookie);
Response.Cookies[cookie].Expires = DateTime.Now.AddDays(-1);
}
}
</script>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head runat="server">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<form id="form1" runat="server">
<div>
<asp:BulletedList ID="BulletedList1" EnableViewState="false" runat="server">
</asp:BulletedList>
</div>
</form>
</body>
</html>
[/code]

<%@ Page Language="C#" %>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<script runat="server">

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
string[]
cookies = Request.Cookies.AllKeys;
foreach (string cookie in cookies)
{
BulletedList1.Items.Add("Deleting " + cookie);
Response.Cookies[cookie].Expires = DateTime.Now.AddDays(-1);
}
}
</script>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head runat="server">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<form id="form1" runat="server">
<div>
<asp:BulletedList ID="BulletedList1" EnableViewState="false" runat="server">
</asp:BulletedList>
</div>
</form>
</body>
</html>

2011-5-11 22:20 danny
6、使用多值Cookie
根据Cookie规范，单个域名，浏览器不能存储超过20个Cookie。可以通过创建多值Cookie来超越该限制。
多值Cookie是一个包含子键的Cookie。可以根据需要创建任意数量的子键。

setCookieValues.aspx
[code]
<%@ Page Language="C#" %>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<script runat="server">

protected void btnSubmit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Response.Cookies["preferences"]["firstName"] = TxtFirstName.Text;
Response.Cookies["preferences"]["lastName"] = txtLastName.Text;
Response.Cookies["preferences"]["favoriteColor"] = txtFavoriteColor.Text;
Response.Cookies["preferences"].Expires = DateTime.MaxValue;
}
</script>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head runat="server">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<form id="form1" runat="server">
<div>
<asp:Label ID="lblFirstName" runat="server" AssociatedControlID="TxtFirstName" Text="First Name"></asp:Label>
<br />
<asp:TextBox ID="TxtFirstName" runat="server"></asp:TextBox>
<br />
<asp:Label ID="lblLastName" runat="server" AssociatedControlID="TxtFirstName" Text="Last Name"></asp:Label>
<br />
<asp:TextBox ID="txtLastName" runat="server"></asp:TextBox>
<br />
<asp:Label ID="lblFavoriteColor" runat="server" AssociatedControlID="TxtFirstName"
Text="Favorite Color"></asp:Label>
<br />
<asp:TextBox ID="txtFavoriteColor" runat="server"></asp:TextBox>
<br />
<asp:Button ID="btnSubmit" Text="Submit" runat="server" OnClick="btnSubmit_Click" />
</div>
</form>
</body>
</html>
[/code]

查看
GetCookieValues.aspx
[code]
<%@ Page Language="C#" %>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<script runat="server">

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (Request.Cookies["preferences"] != null)
{
lblFirstName.Text = Request.Cookies["preferences"]["firstName"];
lblLastName.Text = Request.Cookies["preferences"]["lastName"];
lblFavoriteColor.Text = Request.Cookies["preferences"]["favoriteColor"];
}
}
</script>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head runat="server">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<form id="form1" runat="server">
<div>
First Name:
<asp:Label ID="lblFirstName" runat="server"></asp:Label>
<br />
Last Name:
<asp:Label ID="lblLastName" runat="server"></asp:Label>
<br />
Favorite Color:
<asp:Label ID="lblFavoriteColor" runat="server"></asp:Label>
<br />
</div>
</form>
</body>
</html>
[/code]

2011-5-13 10:59 danny

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8、使用浏览器Cookie

使用浏览器Cookieset-cookie:message=hello注意： Cookie就是一段文本。Cookie只能用于存储字符串值。可以创建两种类型的cookie:会话Cookie和持久化Cookie会话Cookie只存于内存，当用户关闭浏览器时，会话Cookie就永远消失了。持久化Cookie可以存在几个月甚至几年。持久化Cookie创建后，会被浏览器长...
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