c语言中很有意思的union讲解

c语言中struct和union,太容易弄混淆了,看了下面的例子,就知道了,union和struct的区别:

union student 
{
            char name[20];
            char subject[20];
            float percentage;
};

int main() 
{
    union student record1;
    union student record2;

    // assigning values to record1 union variable
       strcpy(record1.name, "Raju");
       strcpy(record1.subject, "Maths");
       record1.percentage = 86.50;

       printf("Union record1 values example\n");
       printf(" Name       : %s \n", record1.name);
       printf(" Subject    : %s \n", record1.subject);
       printf(" Percentage : %f \n\n", record1.percentage);

    // assigning values to record2 union variable
       printf("Union record2 values example\n");
       strcpy(record2.name, "Mani");
       printf(" Name       : %s \n", record2.name);

       strcpy(record2.subject, "Physics");
       printf(" Subject    : %s \n", record2.subject);

       record2.percentage = 99.50;
       printf(" Percentage : %f \n", record2.percentage);
       return 0;
}

输出为:

Name :
Subject :
Percentage : 86.500000;
Union record2 values example
Name : Mani
Subject : Physics
Percentage : 99.500000

然后再来看看以下输出union和struct存储空间的大小：

#include<string.h>

union student
{
    char name[20];
    char subject[20];
    float percentage;
};

struct teacher
{
    char name[20];
    char subject[20];
};

typedef struct teacher Teacher;

int main()
{
    union student st;
    Teacher tc;
    printf("%lu\n", sizeof(st));
    printf("%lu\n", sizeof(tc));
    return 0;

20
30

可以看出，union分配的内存空间是20个字节，也就是union分配的内存是成员中占空间最大的成员的内存。而struct 就不同了，struct占的空间是所有成员占空间之和。