工厂设计模式是Java设计模式中最普遍的一种,它有效地实现了程序的解耦操作。
下面是简单工厂设计:
interface Fruit{
public void eat();
}
class Apple implements Fruit{
@Override
public void eat() {
System.out.println("** 吃苹果 **");
}
}
class Orange implements Fruit{
@Override
public void eat() {
System.out.println("** 吃橘子 **");
}
}
class Factory{
public static Fruit getInstance(String className){
if("apple".equals(className)){
return new Apple();
}
if("orange".equals(className)){
return new Orange();
}
return null;
}
}
public class FactoryDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Factory.getInstance("apple").eat();
}
}
分析一下代码就知道,这其中存在一个问题,无法对子类进行扩充。下面通过反射机制来改进,并把类名和实例的对应关系保存在一个属性文件中,fruit.properties,用静态方法加载进来。
下面是经过改进后的代码:
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Properties;
interface Fruit{
public void eat();
}
class Apple implements Fruit{
@Override
public void eat() {
System.out.println("** 吃苹果 **");
}
}
class Orange implements Fruit{
@Override
public void eat() {
System.out.println("** 吃橘子 **");
}
}
//读取属性文件,该文件中,数据是以key = value的形式保存
class Init{
public static Properties getProperties(){
File file = new File("src//org//wzy//fruit.properties");
Properties pro = null;
if(file.exists()){
pro = new Properties();
try{
InputStream in = new FileInputStream(file);
pro.load(in);
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}else{
try {
file.createNewFile();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return pro;
}
}
class Factory{
public static Fruit getInstance(String className){
Fruit fruit = null;
try {
fruit = (Fruit) Class.forName(className).newInstance();
} catch (InstantiationException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return fruit;
}
}
public class FactoryDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Properties pro = Init.getProperties();
String className = (String) pro.get("apple");
Factory.getInstance(className).eat();
}
}