Career Cup 1-5

/*******************************************************

    Write a method to replace all spaces in a string with ‘%20’

  Note:  every space is replaced with 3 characters, causing the extension of the string by 2 * SpCnt.

  Complexity: O(2n)

  Mod Time: 4.20, 2012

  Copyright: Ben

  *******************************************************/

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

#define STRING_MAX_LEN            10000

int main(void)
{
    int i, j, Offset;
    char s[STRING_MAX_LEN];
    char ch;
    //this marks the indices of <sp>
    int sp[STRING_MAX_LEN / 2];    //in case all char are spaces.
    //number of <sp>
    int SpCnt = 0;
    int StLen = 0;

    freopen("String.txt", "r", stdin);

    //keep reading until the end of file.
    while((ch = fgetc(stdin)) != EOF)
    {        
        if(ch == ' ')
        {
            sp[SpCnt++] = StLen;
        }
        s[StLen++] = ch;
    }

    s[StLen] = '\0';
    sp[SpCnt] = StLen;    //the pseudo count.

    printf("Original:%s\n", s);

    //the final char is separately handled.
    s[sp[SpCnt] + SpCnt * 2] = '\0';
    //replacement
    for(i = SpCnt; i > 0; i--)
    {
        Offset = i * 2;
        for(j = sp[i] - 1; j > sp[i - 1] ; j--)
        {
            s[j + Offset] = s[j];            
        }

        //replace <sp> with "%20"
        s[sp[i - 1] + Offset] = '0';
        s[sp[i - 1] + Offset - 1] = '2';
        s[sp[i - 1] + Offset - 2] = '%';
    }

    printf("Modified:%s\n", s);

    fclose(stdin);

    return 0;
}