定义输出的层次和决定信息是否输出
DEBUG < INFO < WARN < ERROR
2、Appender 设置日志信息的去向
常用的:
org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender(控制台)
org.apache.log4j.FileAppender(文件)
org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppener(每天产生一个日志文件)
org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender(文件大小到达指定尺寸的时候产生一个新的文件)
org.apache.log4j.WriterAppender(将日志讯息以串流格式发送到任意指定的地方)
org.apache.log4j.JdbcAppender(将日志讯息保存到数据库中)
3、Layout 设置日志信息的输出样式
layout有以下几种:
org.apache.log4j.HTMLLayout(以HTML表格形式布局)
org.apache.log4j.SimpleLayout(包含日志讯息的级别和讯息字符串)
org.apache.log4j.TTCCLayout(包含日志产生的时间、执行绪、类别等讯息)
org.apache.log4j.PatterLayout(可以灵活地指定布局格式)
4、配置文件 log4j.properties或log4j.xml
log4j.properties实例:
log4j.logger.com.jjm.util=INFO, A1,A2
log4j.logger.com.jjm.dao=DEBUG, A1 (com.jjm.util和com.jjm.dao是class全名匹配字符串)
log4j.appender.A1=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.A1.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.A1.layout.ConversionPattern=[%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}][%C-%M]%m%n
log4j.appender.A2=org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.A2.File=sshdemo.log
log4j.appender.A2.MaxFileSize=500KB
log4j.appender.A2.MaxBackupIndex=1
log4j.appender.A2.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.A2.layout.ConversionPattern=[%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}][%C-%M]%m%n
log4j.xml实例:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE log4j:configuration SYSTEM "log4j.dtd">
<!-- Log4j 把日志进行分级分开来打以后方便进行日志排除错误 -->
<log4j:configuration xmlns:log4j="http://jakarta.apache.org/log4j/">
<!-- [屏幕Appender] =====-->
<appender name="DEFAULT-CONSOLE" class="org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender">
<param name="encoding" value="utf-8" />
<layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout">
<param name="ConversionPattern" value="[%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH\:mm\:ss}][%p][%t]- %l %n :%m%n" />
</layout>
</appender>
<!-- [DEBUG Appender] -->
<appender name="DEBUG-APPENDER" class="org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender">
<param name="file"
value="/home/admin/output/logs/javalog/welo-admin/debug.log" />
<param name="append" value="true" />
<param name="encoding" value="utf-8" />
<param name="threshold" value="debug" />
<layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout">
<param name="ConversionPattern" value="[%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH\:mm\:ss}][%p][%t]- %l %n :%m%n" />
</layout>
</appender>
<!-- [INFO Appender] -->
<appender name="INFO-APPENDER" class="org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender">
<param name="file"
value="/home/admin/output/logs/javalog/welo-admin/info.log" />
<param name="append" value="true" />
<param name="encoding" value="utf-8" />
<param name="threshold" value="info" />
<layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout">
<param name="ConversionPattern" value="[%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH\:mm\:ss}][%p][%t]- %l %n :%m%n" />
</layout>
</appender>
<!-- [WARN Appender] -->
<appender name="WARN-APPENDER" class="org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender">
<param name="file"
value="/home/admin/output/logs/javalog/welo-admin/warn.log" />
<param name="append" value="true" />
<param name="encoding" value="utf-8" />
<param name="threshold" value="warn" />
<layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout">
<param name="ConversionPattern" value="[%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH\:mm\:ss}][%p][%t]- %l %n :%m%n" />
</layout>
</appender>
<!-- [ERROR Appender] -->
<appender name="ERROR-APPENDER" class="org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender">
<param name="file"
value="/home/admin/output/logs/javalog/welo-admin/error.log" />
<param name="append" value="true" />
<param name="encoding" value="utf-8" />
<param name="threshold" value="error" />
<layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout">
<param name="ConversionPattern" value="[%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH\:mm\:ss}][%p][%t]- %l %n :%m%n" />
</layout>
</appender>
<!-- [公共Appender] 汇总性能 -->
<appender name="MONITOR-APPENDER" class="org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender">
<param name="file"
value="/home/admin/output/logs/javalog/welo-admin/monitor.log" />
<param name="append" value="true" />
<param name="encoding" value="utf-8" />
<param name="threshold" value="info" />
<layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout">
<param name="ConversionPattern" value="[%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH\:mm\:ss}][%p][%t]- %l %n :%m%n" />
</layout>
</appender>
<!-- 输出sql 语句 by chb -->
<appender name="IBatis" class="org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender">
<param name="file"
value="/home/admin/output/logs/javalog/welo-admin/IBatis.log" />
<layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout">
<param name="ConversionPattern"
value="%-4r [%t] %-5p %c %x - %m%n" />
</layout>
<filter class="org.apache.log4j.varia.LevelRangeFilter">
<param name="LevelMin" value="debug" />
<param name="LevelMax" value="error" />
</filter>
</appender>
<logger name="com.ibatis" additivity="true">
<level value="info" />
</logger>
<logger name="java.sql.Connection" additivity="true">
<level value="info" />
</logger>
<logger name="java.sql.Statement" additivity="true">
<level value="info" />
</logger>
<logger name="java.sql.PreparedStatement" additivity="true">
<level value="info" />
<appender-ref ref="IBatis" />
</logger>
<logger name="java.sql.ResultSet" additivity="true">
<level value="info" />
<appender-ref ref="IBatis" />
</logger>
<root>
<level value="debug" />
<!-- <appender-ref ref="DEFAULT-CONSOLE" /> -->
<appender-ref ref="IBatis" />
<appender-ref ref="DEBUG-APPENDER" />
<appender-ref ref="INFO-APPENDER" />
<appender-ref ref="WARN-APPENDER" />
<appender-ref ref="ERROR-APPENDER" />
</root>
</log4j:configuration>
格式说明layout中的参数都以%开始,后面不同的参数代表不同的格式化信息(参数按字母表顺序列出):
%c 输出所属类的全名,可在修改为 %d{Num} ,Num类名输出的维(如:"org.apache.elathen.ClassName",%C{2}将输出elathen.ClassName)
%d 输出日志时间其格式为 %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,SSS},可指定格式 如 %d{HH:mm:ss}
%l 输出日志事件发生位置,包括类目名、发生线程,在代码中的行数
%n 换行符
%m 输出代码指定信息,如info(“message”),输出message
%p 输出优先级,即 FATAL ,ERROR 等
%r 输出从启动到显示该log信息所耗费的毫秒数
%t 输出产生该日志事件的线程名
个人偏向于使用xml配置,因为xml配置层次感更为清晰。