Docker安装并指定主目录(附最新方式安装过程)

在这里插入图片描述

一、Docker简介

官网:https://www.docker.com/
这里写图片描述

[LOGO]

LOGO
之前此处为老版本安装方式,过时了,删掉了。

二、 最新安装方式:全过程

2.1 检查环境,安装依赖包

[root@localhost ~]# uname -a
Linux localhost.localdomain 3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Nov 22 16:42:41 UTC 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/os-release
NAME="CentOS Linux"
VERSION="7 (Core)"
ID="centos"
ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"
VERSION_ID="7"
PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Linux 7 (Core)"
ANSI_COLOR="0;31"
CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:7"
HOME_URL="https://www.centos.org/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.centos.org/"

CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT="CentOS-7"
CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT_VERSION="7"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="centos"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="7"

[root@localhost ~]# uname -r
3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast
base                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
extras                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
gitlab-ce                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
updates                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
(1/5): base/7/x86_64/group_gz                                                                                                                                                                                                                   | 165 kB  00:00:05     
(2/5): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                                                                                                                                               | 153 kB  00:00:05     
(3/5): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                                                                                                                                              | 5.8 MB  00:00:05     
(4/5): base/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                                                                                                                                                 | 6.0 MB  00:00:06     
(5/5): gitlab-ce/primary_db                                                                                                                                                                                                                     | 3.3 MB  00:00:06     
Determining fastest mirrors
 * base: mirror.jdcloud.com
 * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn
 * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package device-mapper-persistent-data.x86_64 0:0.6.3-1.el7 will be updated
---> Package device-mapper-persistent-data.x86_64 0:0.8.5-1.el7 will be an update
---> Package lvm2.x86_64 7:2.02.166-1.el7 will be updated
---> Package lvm2.x86_64 7:2.02.185-2.el7_7.2 will be an update
--> Processing Dependency: lvm2-libs = 7:2.02.185-2.el7_7.2 for package: 7:lvm2-2.02.185-2.el7_7.2.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libdevmapper.so.1.02(DM_1_02_141)(64bit) for package: 7:lvm2-2.02.185-2.el7_7.2.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libdevmapper.so.1.02(DM_1_02_138)(64bit) for package: 7:lvm2-2.02.185-2.el7_7.2.x86_64
---> Package yum-utils.noarch 0:1.1.31-40.el7 will be updated
---> Package yum-utils.noarch 0:1.1.31-52.el7 will be an update
--> Running transaction check
---> Package device-mapper-libs.x86_64 7:1.02.135-1.el7 will be updated
--> Processing Dependency: device-mapper-libs = 7:1.02.135-1.el7 for package: 7:device-mapper-1.02.135-1.el7.x86_64
---> Package device-mapper-libs.x86_64 7:1.02.158-2.el7_7.2 will be an update
---> Package lvm2-libs.x86_64 7:2.02.166-1.el7 will be updated
---> Package lvm2-libs.x86_64 7:2.02.185-2.el7_7.2 will be an update
--> Processing Dependency: device-mapper-event = 7:1.02.158-2.el7_7.2 for package: 7:lvm2-libs-2.02.185-2.el7_7.2.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package device-mapper.x86_64 7:1.02.135-1.el7 will be updated
---> Package device-mapper.x86_64 7:1.02.158-2.el7_7.2 will be an update
---> Package device-mapper-event.x86_64 7:1.02.135-1.el7 will be updated
---> Package device-mapper-event.x86_64 7:1.02.158-2.el7_7.2 will be an update
--> Processing Dependency: device-mapper-event-libs = 7:1.02.158-2.el7_7.2 for package: 7:device-mapper-event-1.02.158-2.el7_7.2.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package device-mapper-event-libs.x86_64 7:1.02.135-1.el7 will be updated
---> Package device-mapper-event-libs.x86_64 7:1.02.158-2.el7_7.2 will be an update
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                                                      Arch                                                  Version                                                               Repository                                              Size
=======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Updating:
 device-mapper-persistent-data                                                x86_64                                                0.8.5-1.el7                                                           base                                                   423 k
 lvm2                                                                         x86_64                                                7:2.02.185-2.el7_7.2                                                  updates                                                1.3 M
 yum-utils                                                                    noarch                                                1.1.31-52.el7                                                         base                                                   121 k
Updating for dependencies:
 device-mapper                                                                x86_64                                                7:1.02.158-2.el7_7.2                                                  updates                                                294 k
 device-mapper-event                                                          x86_64                                                7:1.02.158-2.el7_7.2                                                  updates                                                190 k
 device-mapper-event-libs                                                     x86_64                                                7:1.02.158-2.el7_7.2                                                  updates                                                189 k
 device-mapper-libs                                                           x86_64                                                7:1.02.158-2.el7_7.2                                                  updates                                                322 k
 lvm2-libs                                                                    x86_64                                                7:2.02.185-2.el7_7.2                                                  updates                                                1.1 M

Transaction Summary
=======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Upgrade  3 Packages (+5 Dependent packages)

Total download size: 3.9 M
Downloading packages:
No Presto metadata available for base
No Presto metadata available for updates
(1/8): device-mapper-1.02.158-2.el7_7.2.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                                              | 294 kB  00:00:05     
(2/8): device-mapper-event-1.02.158-2.el7_7.2.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                                        | 190 kB  00:00:05     
(3/8): device-mapper-event-libs-1.02.158-2.el7_7.2.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                                   | 189 kB  00:00:00     
(4/8): device-mapper-libs-1.02.158-2.el7_7.2.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                                         | 322 kB  00:00:00     
(5/8): lvm2-2.02.185-2.el7_7.2.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                                                       | 1.3 MB  00:00:00     
(6/8): lvm2-libs-2.02.185-2.el7_7.2.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                                                  | 1.1 MB  00:00:00     
(7/8): device-mapper-persistent-data-0.8.5-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                                     | 423 kB  00:00:05     
(8/8): yum-utils-1.1.31-52.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                                                                                                       | 121 kB  00:00:05     
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  344 kB/s | 3.9 MB  00:00:11     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Updating   : 7:device-mapper-libs-1.02.158-2.el7_7.2.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                     1/16 
  Updating   : 7:device-mapper-1.02.158-2.el7_7.2.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                          2/16 
  Updating   : 7:device-mapper-event-libs-1.02.158-2.el7_7.2.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                               3/16 
  Updating   : 7:device-mapper-event-1.02.158-2.el7_7.2.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                    4/16 
  Updating   : 7:lvm2-libs-2.02.185-2.el7_7.2.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                              5/16 
  Updating   : device-mapper-persistent-data-0.8.5-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                   6/16 
  Updating   : 7:lvm2-2.02.185-2.el7_7.2.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                                   7/16 
  Updating   : yum-utils-1.1.31-52.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                                                                                                     8/16 
  Cleanup    : yum-utils-1.1.31-40.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                                                                                                     9/16 
  Cleanup    : 7:lvm2-2.02.166-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                                      10/16 
  Cleanup    : 7:lvm2-libs-2.02.166-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                                 11/16 
  Cleanup    : 7:device-mapper-event-1.02.135-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                       12/16 
  Cleanup    : 7:device-mapper-event-libs-1.02.135-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                  13/16 
  Cleanup    : 7:device-mapper-libs-1.02.135-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                        14/16 
  Cleanup    : 7:device-mapper-1.02.135-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                             15/16 
  Cleanup    : device-mapper-persistent-data-0.6.3-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                  16/16 
  Verifying  : 7:device-mapper-1.02.158-2.el7_7.2.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                          1/16 
  Verifying  : device-mapper-persistent-data-0.8.5-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                   2/16 
  Verifying  : yum-utils-1.1.31-52.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                                                                                                     3/16 
  Verifying  : 7:lvm2-libs-2.02.185-2.el7_7.2.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                              4/16 
  Verifying  : 7:device-mapper-event-1.02.158-2.el7_7.2.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                    5/16 
  Verifying  : 7:device-mapper-event-libs-1.02.158-2.el7_7.2.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                               6/16 
  Verifying  : 7:lvm2-2.02.185-2.el7_7.2.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                                   7/16 
  Verifying  : 7:device-mapper-libs-1.02.158-2.el7_7.2.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                     8/16 
  Verifying  : device-mapper-persistent-data-0.6.3-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                   9/16 
  Verifying  : 7:device-mapper-event-libs-1.02.135-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                  10/16 
  Verifying  : 7:device-mapper-1.02.135-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                             11/16 
  Verifying  : 7:lvm2-2.02.166-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                                      12/16 
  Verifying  : yum-utils-1.1.31-40.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                                                                                                    13/16 
  Verifying  : 7:device-mapper-libs-1.02.135-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                        14/16 
  Verifying  : 7:device-mapper-event-1.02.135-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                       15/16 
  Verifying  : 7:lvm2-libs-2.02.166-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                                 16/16 

Updated:
  device-mapper-persistent-data.x86_64 0:0.8.5-1.el7                                                 lvm2.x86_64 7:2.02.185-2.el7_7.2                                                 yum-utils.noarch 0:1.1.31-52.el7                                                

Dependency Updated:
  device-mapper.x86_64 7:1.02.158-2.el7_7.2       device-mapper-event.x86_64 7:1.02.158-2.el7_7.2       device-mapper-event-libs.x86_64 7:1.02.158-2.el7_7.2       device-mapper-libs.x86_64 7:1.02.158-2.el7_7.2       lvm2-libs.x86_64 7:2.02.185-2.el7_7.2      

Complete!
[root@localhost ~]# 

2.2 设置yum镜像源

yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

[root@localhost ~]# yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
adding repo from: https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
grabbing file https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
repo saved to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo

2.3 安装docker

yum install docker-ce


[root@localhost ~]# yum install docker-ce
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
docker-ce-stable                                                                                                                                                                                                                                | 3.5 kB  00:00:00     
(1/2): docker-ce-stable/x86_64/updateinfo                                                                                                                                                                                                       |   55 B  00:00:05     
(2/2): docker-ce-stable/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                                                                                                                                       |  37 kB  00:00:05     
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirror.jdcloud.com
 * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn
 * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.5-3.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: container-selinux >= 2:2.74 for package: 3:docker-ce-19.03.5-3.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: containerd.io >= 1.2.2-3 for package: 3:docker-ce-19.03.5-3.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: docker-ce-cli for package: 3:docker-ce-19.03.5-3.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package container-selinux.noarch 2:2.107-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package containerd.io.x86_64 0:1.2.10-3.2.el7 will be installed
---> Package docker-ce-cli.x86_64 1:19.03.5-3.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                                            Arch                                                    Version                                                            Repository                                                         Size
=======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 docker-ce                                                          x86_64                                                  3:19.03.5-3.el7                                                    docker-ce-stable                                                   24 M
Installing for dependencies:
 container-selinux                                                  noarch                                                  2:2.107-3.el7                                                      extras                                                             39 k
 containerd.io                                                      x86_64                                                  1.2.10-3.2.el7                                                     docker-ce-stable                                                   23 M
 docker-ce-cli                                                      x86_64                                                  1:19.03.5-3.el7                                                    docker-ce-stable                                                   39 M

Transaction Summary
=======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package (+3 Dependent packages)

Total download size: 87 M
Installed size: 362 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
(1/4): container-selinux-2.107-3.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                                                                                                 |  39 kB  00:00:05     
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/docker-ce-stable/packages/docker-ce-19.03.5-3.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA512 Signature, key ID 621e9f35: NOKEY=                                                                               ]  12 MB/s |  23 MB  00:00:05 ETA 
Public key for docker-ce-19.03.5-3.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed
(2/4): docker-ce-19.03.5-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                                                       |  24 MB  00:00:06     
(3/4): containerd.io-1.2.10-3.2.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                                                  |  23 MB  00:00:07     
(4/4): docker-ce-cli-19.03.5-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                                                   |  39 MB  00:00:01     
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   11 MB/s |  87 MB  00:00:08     
Retrieving key from https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/gpg
Importing GPG key 0x621E9F35:
 Userid     : "Docker Release (CE rpm) <docker@docker.com>"
 Fingerprint: 060a 61c5 1b55 8a7f 742b 77aa c52f eb6b 621e 9f35
 From       : https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/gpg
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : 2:container-selinux-2.107-3.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                                                                                              1/4 
setsebool:  SELinux is disabled.
  Installing : containerd.io-1.2.10-3.2.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                                 2/4 
  Installing : 1:docker-ce-cli-19.03.5-3.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                                3/4 
  Installing : 3:docker-ce-19.03.5-3.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                                    4/4 
  Verifying  : containerd.io-1.2.10-3.2.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                                 1/4 
  Verifying  : 1:docker-ce-cli-19.03.5-3.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                                2/4 
  Verifying  : 2:container-selinux-2.107-3.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                                                                                              3/4 
  Verifying  : 3:docker-ce-19.03.5-3.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                                    4/4 

Installed:
  docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.5-3.el7                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

Dependency Installed:
  container-selinux.noarch 2:2.107-3.el7                                                  containerd.io.x86_64 0:1.2.10-3.2.el7                                                  docker-ce-cli.x86_64 1:19.03.5-3.el7                                                 

Complete!
[root@localhost ~]# 

2.4 启动并加入开机启动:

systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker


[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start docker
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable docker
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.
[root@localhost ~]# 

2.5 验证

 
[root@localhost ~]# docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
 Version:           19.03.5
 API version:       1.40
 Go version:        go1.12.12
 Git commit:        633a0ea
 Built:             Wed Nov 13 07:25:41 2019
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Experimental:      false

Server: Docker Engine - Community
 Engine:
  Version:          19.03.5
  API version:      1.40 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.12.12
  Git commit:       633a0ea
  Built:            Wed Nov 13 07:24:18 2019
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false
 containerd:
  Version:          1.2.10
  GitCommit:        b34a5c8af56e510852c35414db4c1f4fa6172339
 runc:
  Version:          1.0.0-rc8+dev
  GitCommit:        3e425f80a8c931f88e6d94a8c831b9d5aa481657
 docker-init:
  Version:          0.18.0
  GitCommit:        fec3683
[root@localhost ~]# 

补充:docker安装时候指定主目录(到一个大点的磁盘)

查看默认主目录:

[root@VM-0-2-centos srv]# sudo docker info | grep "Docker Root Dir"
 Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker

修改docker的默认配置文件(/etc/docker):daemon.json(如果没有则新建一个即可)
添加"graph": "/srv/docker"的键值对,值为你磁盘的目录(自己新建一下即可),一般为数据盘/data下。

[root@VM-0-2-centos docker]# vim daemon.json 
[root@VM-0-2-centos docker]# cat daemon.json 
{
	"graph": "/data/docker"
}
[root@VM-0-2-centos docker]# sudo docker info | grep "Docker Root Dir"
 Docker Root Dir: /data/docker

注意:如果graph不好使,启动docker启动不起来,则尝试用data-home参数设置:

{
	"data-root": "/data/docker"
}

这样可以避免默认的磁盘太小,导致用尽的情况,用尽的处理方式直通车:
记一次docker磁盘用尽的灾难 https://blog.csdn.net/wdy_2099/article/details/103967788

END

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