Centos常用用户(User)操作

 ## 添加用户

 > [root@localhost .ssh]# useradd centos

 ## 查看用户列表

  ```

[root@localhost centos]# cat /etc/passwd

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync

shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown

halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt

mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin

operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin

games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin

ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin

nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin

systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin

dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin

polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin

sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin

postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin

chrony:x:998:996::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin

centos:x:1000:1000::/home/centos:/bin/bash

```

## 查看用户组列表

```

> [root@localhost centos]# cat /etc/group

root:x:0:

bin:x:1:

daemon:x:2:

sys:x:3:

adm:x:4:

tty:x:5:

disk:x:6:

lp:x:7:

mem:x:8:

kmem:x:9:

wheel:x:10:

cdrom:x:11:

mail:x:12:postfix

man:x:15:

dialout:x:18:

floppy:x:19:

games:x:20:

tape:x:33:

video:x:39:

ftp:x:50:

lock:x:54:

audio:x:63:

nobody:x:99:

users:x:100:

utmp:x:22:

utempter:x:35:

input:x:999:

systemd-journal:x:190:

systemd-network:x:192:

dbus:x:81:

polkitd:x:998:

ssh_keys:x:997:

sshd:x:74:

postdrop:x:90:

postfix:x:89:

chrony:x:996:

centos:x:1000:

```

## 查看用户

```

> [root@localhost centos]# w centos

 13:47:31 up  3:42,  2 users,  load average: 0.17, 0.16, 0.13

USER     TTY      FROM             LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT

> [root@localhost centos]# w root

 13:47:42 up  3:42,  2 users,  load average: 0.14, 0.16, 0.13

USER     TTY      FROM             LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT

root     tty1                      10:06    3:00m  0.09s  0.09s -bash

root     pts/0    192.168.1.249    11:02    6.00s  0.20s  0.00s w root

[root@localhost centos]# who

root     tty1         2021-09-24 10:06

root     pts/0        2021-09-24 11:02 (192.168.1.249)

```

## 查看登录信息

```

[root@localhost centos]# last

root     pts/1        192.168.1.249    Fri Sep 24 11:15 - 11:16  (00:00)

root     pts/0        192.168.1.249    Fri Sep 24 11:02   still logged in

root     tty1                          Fri Sep 24 10:06   still logged in

reboot   system boot  3.10.0-1127.13.1 Fri Sep 24 10:05 - 13:48  (03:42)

root     tty1                          Fri Sep 24 09:57 - 10:03  (00:05)

reboot   system boot  3.10.0-1127.13.1 Fri Sep 24 09:46 - 13:48  (04:01)

reboot   system boot  3.10.0-1127.13.1 Tue Sep  7 19:22 - 19:28  (00:06)

reboot   system boot  3.10.0-1127.13.1 Tue Sep  7 19:06 - 19:10  (00:03)

root     tty1                          Thu Jul 16 17:39 - 17:49  (00:10)

reboot   system boot  3.10.0-1062.9.1. Thu Jul 16 17:38 - 17:49  (00:10)

root     pts/0        1.85.217.183     Fri Dec 20 14:31 - down   (00:11)

reboot   system boot  3.10.0-1062.1.1. Fri Dec 20 14:27 - 14:42  (00:15)

reboot   system boot  3.10.0-1062.1.1. Sun Dec  8 14:23 - 14:42 (12+00:19)

root     tty1                          Sun Sep 29 10:25 - 10:32  (00:06)

reboot   system boot  3.10.0-957.27.2. Sun Sep 29 10:25 - 14:42 (82+04:17)

root     tty1                          Wed Sep 11 12:41 - 13:00  (00:19)

reboot   system boot  3.10.0-957.el7.x Wed Sep 11 12:40 - 14:42 (100+02:02)

root     tty1                          Wed Sep 11 12:37 - 12:40  (00:02)

reboot   system boot  3.10.0-957.el7.x Wed Sep 11 12:37 - 12:40  (00:02)

wtmp begins Wed Sep 11 12:37:26 2019

```

## 修改密码

```

 [root@localhost centos]# passwd

更改用户 root 的密码 。  

新的 密码：

[root@localhost centos]# passwd centos

更改用户 centos 的密码 。

新的 密码：  

重新输入新的 密码：  

passwd：所有的身份验证令牌已经成功更新。  

```

## 修改用户sudoers权限

```

[root@localhost centos]# whereis sudoers

sudoers: /etc/sudoers /etc/sudoers.d /usr/share/man/man5/sudoers.5.gz

[root@localhost centos]# ls -l /etc/sudoers

-r--r-----. 1 root root 4328 9月  30 2020 /etc/sudoers

[root@localhost centos]# chmod -v u+w /etc/sudoers

mode of "/etc/sudoers" changed from 0440 (r--r-----) to 0640 (rw-r-----)

```

## 修改用户sudoers权限

```

[root@localhost centos]# vi /etc/sudoers

## Allow root to run any commands anywhere

root    ALL=(ALL)       ALL

centos    ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL #新用户centos

[root@localhost centos]# chmod -v u-w /etc/sudoers

mode of "/etc/sudoers" changed from 0640 (rw-r-----) to 0440 (r--r-----)

```