Tomcat研究之ClassLoader

Tomcat研究之ClassLoader

在研究Tomcat之前,一般是借用现有的UML工具分析Tomcat整体结构,但要分析Tomcat的流程就必须从分析Tomcat的StartUp入手。Tomcat的启动是从解析bat文件开始,bat文件最终调用org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap开始类的加载。
一.Tomcat的ClassLoader:
     TOMCAT自己的类载入器(ClassLoader)
       +---------------------------+
       |         Bootstrap         |
       |             |             |
       |          System           |
       |             |             |
       |          Common           |
       |         /      /          |
       |     Catalina Shared      |
       +---------------------------+
     其中:
     - Bootstrap - 载入JVM自带的类和$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/ext/*.jar
     - System    
1.载入 $CATALINA_HOME/bin/bootstrap.jar 初始化Tomcat,执行Main方法
2 . $JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar Sun的工具类,包括编译Jsp为Servlet的工具类
   - Common      这个目录下的类虽然对TOMCAT和所有的WEB APP都可见.但是Web App的类不应该
                    放在这个目录下,所有未打包的Class都在$CATALINA_HOME/common/classes下,所
                    有打包的jar都在
                    $CATALINA_HOME/commons/endorsed和$CATALINA_HOME/common/lib下,默认情况会
                    包含以下几个包:
                    1. jndi.jar JNDI API接口,这个包仅在Java1.2时候装入,1.3以后的版本JDK已
                    自动装入.
                    2. naming-common.jar JNDI接口实现类,Tomcat用这些类在内存中使用Context.
                    3. naming-resources.jar JNDI实现,Tomcat用它们定位Web App的静态资源.
                    4. servlet.jar Servlet,Jsp API
                    5. xerces.jar XML解析器,特定的Web App可以在自己的/WEB-INF/lib 中覆盖.
 
    - Catalina 装入Tomcat实现所有接口的类,这些类对Web App是完全不可见的,所有未打包的类在
                    $CATALINA_HOME/server/classes所有jar包在$CATALINA_HOME/server/lib下.一
                    般情况该ClassLoader将Load下面几个包:
                    1. catalina.jar Servlet容器的Tomcat实现包
                    2. jakarta-regexp-X.Y.jar 正则表达式,请求过滤时使用
                    3. servlets-xxxxx.jar Servlet支持包
                    4 . tomcat-coyote.jar Tomcat的Coyote连接实现包
                    5. tomcat-jk.jar Web Server绑定包,允许Tomcat绑定Apache等作为Web Server
                    6. tomcat-jk2.jar 功能同上
                    7. tomcat-util.jar Tomcat工具类,可能被一些Connector用到
                    8. tomcat-warp.jar 用于Apache Server包
     - Shared   载入所有WEB APP都可见的类,对TOMCAT不可见. 所有未打包的类在
                    $CATALINA_HOME/shared/classes所有jar包在$CATALINA_HOME /lib下.
                    默认情况包含下面几个包:
                    1. jasper-compiler.jar Jsp编译器,编译Jsp为Servlet
                    2. jasper-runtime.jar Jsp(已编译成Servlet)运行支持包
                    3. naming-factory.jar 支持Web App使用JNDI的封装包
     -WebAppX   Web App ClassLoader,当Web App被部署是该ClassLoader被创建.所有class都在
                    WEB-INF/classes下,所有jar在WEB-INF/lib下.
  
 特别注意WEB APP自己的ClassLoader的实现与众不同:
 它先试图从WEB APP自己的目录里载入,如果失败则请求父ClassLoader的代理
 这样可以让不同的WEB APP之间的类载入互不干扰.另,Tomcat Server使用的是Catalina   
 ClassLoader,一般的Web App使用的是WebApp ClassLoader.
二. org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap
          该类是Tomcat的执行入口点,我们着重分析下面两个方法:
          1. initClassLoaders,创建ClassLoader层次.
           private void initClassLoaders() {
                try {
                          ClassLoaderFactory.setDebug(debug);
                          //创建common ClassLoader,没有父ClassLoader
                          commonLoader = createClassLoader("common", null);
 
                          //创建catalina ClassLoader,父ClassLoader为common
                          catalinaLoader = createClassLoader("server", commonLoader);
 
                          //创建shared ClassLoader, 父ClassLoader为common
                          sharedLoader = createClassLoader("shared", commonLoader);
                     } catch (Throwable t) {
                          log("Class loader creation threw exception", t);
                          System.exit(1);
                     }
             }
          2. createClassLoader,负责具体的创建工作
             在$CATALINA_HOME/conf/catalina.properties中定义了common, server, shared
             ClassLoader载入类的路径及一些包的安全权限.
         
             //common载入类的路径
             common.loader=${catalina.home}/common/classes,
             ${catalina.home}/common/endorsed/*.jar,${catalina.home}/common/lib/*.jar
                //server载入类的路径
                server.loader=${catalina.home}/server/classes,
                               ${catalina.home}/server/lib/*.jar
 
                //shared载入类的路径
                shared.loader=${catalina.base}/shared/classes,
                               ${catalina.base}/shared/lib/*.jar
         
        /**
          *param name:Load Name
          *param parent:父Loader
          *classLoader的资源分三种:
          *1.未打包的classes,一般是一个目录
          *2.打包的jar目录
          *3.网络资源,一般是网上的一个jar包 (Applet经常用到这样的loader)
          */
        private ClassLoader createClassLoader(String name, ClassLoader parent)
                    throws Exception {
 
          //从catalina.properties中取得改Loader的配置信息
         String value = CatalinaProperties.getProperty(name + ".loader");
         if ((value == null) || (value.equals("")))
                    return parent;
         
          //classes目录
     ArrayList unpackedList = new ArrayList();
          //jar目录
      ArrayList packedList = new ArrayList();
          //网络路径指定的包
      ArrayList urlList = new ArrayList();
 
           StringTokenizer tokenizer = new StringTokenizer(value, ",");
            
             //当前Loader该装载的类
             while (tokenizer.hasMoreElements()) {
                    String repository = tokenizer.nextToken();
                    // Check for a JAR URL repository
            try {
                //如果是网络路径追加url
                urlList.add(new URL(repository));
                continue;
            } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
                // Ignore
            }
 
            // 本地路径
            boolean packed = false;
 
           //${catalina.home}
            if (repository.startsWith(CATALINA_HOME_TOKEN)) {
                repository = getCatalinaHome()
                    + repository.substring(CATALINA_HOME_TOKEN.length());
           //${catalina.base}
           } else if (repository.startsWith(CATALINA_BASE_TOKEN)) {
                repository = getCatalinaBase()
                    + repository.substring(CATALINA_BASE_TOKEN.length());
                    }
                    /**经过上述操作,把catalina.properties里的路径替换成绝对路径*/
           
           //如果是jar文件路径
           if (repository.endsWith("*.jar")) {
                packed = true;
                repository = repository.substring
                    (0, repository.length() - "*.jar".length());
            }
            if (packed) {
                packedList.add(new File(repository));
            } else {
                unpackedList.add(new File(repository));
            }
        }
 
        File[] unpacked = (File[]) unpackedList.toArray(new File[0]);
        File[] packed = (File[]) packedList.toArray(new File[0]);
        URL[] urls = (URL[]) urlList.toArray(new URL[0]);
 
        //调用Factory的方法创建ClassLoader
        return ClassLoaderFactory.createClassLoader
            (unpacked, packed, urls, parent);
    }


 

三. ClassLoaderFactory
          ClassLoaderFactory是用于创建ClassLoader的工厂类,这个类比较简单.
         
//参数含义不再说明,参看上面的分析
public static ClassLoader createClassLoader(File unpacked[],
                                                File packed[],
                                                URL urls[],
                                                ClassLoader parent)
        throws Exception {
 
        if (debug >= 1)
            log("Creating new class loader");
 
        // Construct the "class path" for this class loader
        ArrayList list = new ArrayList();
 
        // 通过class目录构造file协议的url,并追加的list
        if (unpacked != null) {
            for (int i = 0; i < unpacked.length; i++) {
                File file = unpacked[i];
                if (!file.exists() || !file.canRead())
                    continue;
                if (debug >= 1)
                    log(" Including directory or JAR "
                        + file.getAbsolutePath());
                URL url = new URL("file", null,
                                  file.getCanonicalPath() + File.separator);
                list.add(url.toString());
            }
        }
 
        //取出所有jar目录里的jar文件,逐一构造url,并追加的list
        if (packed != null) {
            for (int i = 0; i < packed.length; i++) {
                File directory = packed[i];
                if (!directory.isDirectory() || !directory.exists() ||
                    !directory.canRead())
                    continue;
                String filenames[] = directory.list();
                for (int j = 0; j < filenames.length; j++) {
                    String filename = filenames[j].toLowerCase();
                    if (!filename.endsWith(".jar"))
                        continue;
                    File file = new File(directory, filenames[j]);
                    if (debug >= 1)
                        log(" Including jar file " + file.getAbsolutePath());
                    URL url = new URL("file", null,
                                      file.getCanonicalPath());
                    list.add(url.toString());
                }
            }
        }
 
        //追加网络路径的资源
        if (urls != null) {
            for (int i = 0; i < urls.length; i++) {
                list.add(urls[i].toString());
            }
        }
 
        //调用StandardClassLoader创建实际的Loader
        String array[] = (String[]) list.toArray(new String[list.size()]);
        StandardClassLoader classLoader = null;
        if (parent == null)
            classLoader = new StandardClassLoader(array);
        else
            classLoader = new StandardClassLoader(array, parent);
        classLoader.setDelegate(true);
        return (classLoader);
 
   }
四. StandardClassLoader
          StandardClassLoader继承了URLClassLoader, URLClassLoader类具有从硬盘目录装载类,或从本地或远程装载jar文件的能力.这个类也实现了Reloader接口,提供了自动重新装载类的功能.我们主要看这个类以下及个方法:
1.      构造函数StandardClassLoader
   /**
     * @param repositories url数组,见上分析
     * @param parent 父loader
     */
    public StandardClassLoader(String repositories[], ClassLoader parent) {
       //调用父类的构造函数
       //父类的构造函数将用转换后的repositories生成URLClassPath的实例
       //ucp是类成员变量ucp= new URLClassPath(urls);
       // URLClassPath是sun的扩展包,无法继续跟踪
        super(convert(repositories), parent);
        this.parent = parent;
        this.system = getSystemClassLoader();
        securityManager = System.getSecurityManager();
     if (repositories != null) {
            for (int i = 0; i < repositories.length; i++)
                //处理url
                addRepositoryInternal(repositories[i]);
        }
    }
2.      addRepositoryInternal
   /**
     * @param repository 要处理的url
     */
    protected void addRepositoryInternal(String repository) {
 
        URLStreamHandler streamHandler = null;
        String protocol = parseProtocol(repository);
        if (factory != null)
            streamHandler = factory.createURLStreamHandler(protocol);
 
        // 当前url是指向本地或网路的jar文件,验证jar的正确性
        //下面的代码看似无用其实是在验证jar文件的正确性,如果jar文件错误抛异常中止执行.
        if (!repository.endsWith(File.separator) && !repository.endsWith("/")) {
            JarFile jarFile = null;
            try {
                Manifest manifest = null;
 
                //jar协议
                if (repository.startsWith("jar:")) {
                    URL url = new URL(null, repository, streamHandler);
                    JarURLConnection conn =
                        (JarURLConnection) url.openConnection();
                    conn.setAllowUserInteraction(false);
                    conn.setDoInput(true);
                    conn.setDoOutput(false);
                    conn.connect();
                    jarFile = conn.getJarFile();
               
                //file协议
                } else if (repository.startsWith("file://")) {
                    jarFile = new JarFile(repository.substring(7));
                //file
                } else if (repository.startsWith("file:")) {
                    jarFile = new JarFile(repository.substring(5));
 
                //本地路径的jar文件
                } else if (repository.endsWith(".jar")) {
                    URL url = new URL(null, repository, streamHandler);
                    URLConnection conn = url.openConnection();
                    JarInputStream jis =
                        new JarInputStream(conn.getInputStream());
                    manifest = jis.getManifest();
 
                //其他情况均为错误
                } else {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException
                        ("addRepositoryInternal: Invalid URL '" +
                         repository + "'");
     &
 
评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值