c/c++学习记录一

不同的struct之间可以根据其内存的存放规则进行强制类型转换。
实例1:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

struct addr
{
    int ip;
    char host_name[100];
};

struct addr_in
{
    int ip;
    char host_name[100];
    int other;
};

int main()
{
    addr_in local;
    local.ip=123;
    strcpy(local.host_name,"www");

    addr* ad = (addr*)&local;
    printf("%s\n",ad->host_name);
    return 0;
}

实例2

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

struct addr
{
    int ip;
    char host_name[100];
};

struct addr_in
{
    addr in_addr;
    int size;
};

int main()
{
    addr_in local;
    local.in_addr.ip=123;
    strcpy(local.in_addr.host_name,"www");

    addr *ad = (addr*)&local;
    printf("%d %s",ad->ip,ad->host_name);
    return 0;
}

2.结构体变量的大小动态变化

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

typedef struct addr
{
    int size;
    int in_addr[0];
} ADDR;

int main(void)
{
    ADDR *adr;
    int i;
    adr = (ADDR *)malloc(sizeof(int)*100);
    
    for(i=0;i<99;i++) {
        adr->in_addr[i] = i;
        printf("%d ", adr->in_addr[i]);
    }
    return 0;
}

3.快速计算一个数字包含几位

原理：x &=(x-1) deletes the rightmost 1-bit in x.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>

int bitcount(int x)
{
    int count = 0;
    while(x)
    {
        x &= (x-1);
        count++;
    }
    return count;
}

int main()
{
    srand( (unsigned)time( NULL ) );
    int a = rand();
    printf("%d has %d bits",a,bitcount(a));
    return 0;
}