叉车安全要义中英双语版

With the number of transient workers that comethrough warehouses, the hustle and bustle of getting orders shipped out anddeliveries onto the racks, and a variety of other concerns, having a strongforklift safety program is essential. A quick walk through manywarehouses will show machines being driven faster than they should be,unsecured or uneven loads, forks being raised and lowered as lifts are turning,and random foot-traffic. Remember, you, as a pedestrian, will not winagainst a machine that weighs thousands of pounds! So, where can we focusour attention?

由于有大量的临时工进入仓库，非常忙碌的将订单运出并运送到货架上，以及其他各种问题，因此制定强有力的叉车安全计划至关重要。快速观察一下许多仓库，将会发现叉车被行驶得比想象的快很多，不固定或负载不均匀，叉车在升降机转弯时被升高和降低以及随意的水平搬运。请记住，作为行人，您不可能战胜重达数千磅的叉车！那么，我们在哪里可以集中精力呢？

Training 培训

No article can substitute for forklift operatortraining, which you know, all of your operators MUST have, right? ANDthat they must be reevaluated at least every three years, right? OK,good. Just checking. Too often, I have seen new warehouse workersput in a situation where they are just expected to figure it out. Trainyour employees properly. Observe them while they’re working. Are theyconstantly going too fast, coming around corners or into intersections withoutslowing down or beeping, driving with their view obstructed, orraising/lowering loads while they’re moving? That employee may need to beretrained. If you don’t have somebody who is able to do that ongoingevaluation, you need to properly prepare somebody to fill that role.

没有办法通过阅读学习来代替叉车操作员实践培训，您知道，所有操作员都必须接受培训，对吗？并且至少每三年必须对它们进行重新评估，对吧？只是检查，经常看到新的仓库作业人员解决问题的状况处于这个水平。正确培训您的员工。在他们工作时观察他们。他们是不是一直走得太快，拐弯处或进入交叉路口而没有减速或发出哔哔声，阻碍视线行驶或在移动时升高/降低载荷？该员工可能需要接受再培训。如果您没有能够进行持续评估的人员，则需要适当地准备人员以担任该职位

So, what should training and evaluation of safe forklift operation focuson? Speed (no faster than a person walking quickly), following distance(three forklift lengths), knowing the capacity of your lift and checking theload to ensure its within that capacity, stability of loads, stability of thelift and how it changes as the center of gravity changes, not raising orlowering forks while moving or turning, lift inspections, traveling backwardand/or spotters, unattended lifts, use of lifts on slopes, lifting and settingof material, and fuel safety precautions. After reading that list, areyou still comfortable telling an untrained person to “just do it”?

那么，叉车安全操作的培训和评估应着重于什么？速度（不超过快速行走的人的速度），随车距离（三个叉车长度），了解叉车的载荷能力并检查负载以确保其在此容量范围内，负载的稳定性，叉车的稳定性以及随着负载的变化重心发生变化，在移动或转弯时不得升高或降低货叉，检查提升功能，向后行驶和/或清洁，无人使用的叉车，在斜坡上使用升降功能，物料的举升和固定以及燃油安全预防措施。阅读完该列表后，您是否还愿意告诉未经训练的人“做到这一点”？

Foot Traffic

水平运输

It’s hard to operate a forklift safely if you have to constantly dodgeunexpected pedestrians. People randomly wandering the floor of yourwarehouse pose both a threat to themselves and a threat to the men and women onyour forklifts. In order to avoid this, you should have designatedwalkways and a restriction on who can be on the warehouse floor. Sure,they will not be able to stay within these walkways 100% of the time, but ifyou have a restricted group that is allowed to be there, you can train them totake extra precautions when they have to leave the area. Railing and safety gates may also be a viable option,restricting foot traffic to the designated walkways in certain high trafficareas. Meanwhile, forklift operators know to take extra precautionsaround the walkways. Also, make your pedestrians visible; requirereflective vests or high visibility shirts for anybody who needs to be on foot.

如果您必须不断躲避意外的行人，则很难安全地操作叉车。人们随意地在仓库的地面上任意行走，既对自己构成威胁，也对叉车上的操作员构成威胁。为了避免这种情况，您应该指定人行道，并限制谁可以进入仓库。当然，他们将无法100％地留在这些人行道中，但是如果您允许有限制的人员进入，则可以训练他们在必须离开该地区时采取额外的预防措施。栏杆和安全门也可能是一个可行的选择，将人流量限制在某些人流量大的区域中的指定人行道上。同时，叉车操作员知道在走道周围要采取额外的预防措施。另外，使行人提高可见度。需要反光背心或高可见度的衬衫，适合任何需要步行的人。

Pallet Racks and Shelving

货架存储

The ends of pallet racks are often damaged when a driver attempts toturn down an aisle and accidently clips or runs into a rack, resulting insignificant damage to the rack and potential damage to the goods being storedon the rack.

Making sure your aisles are wide enough is a helpful first step when trying toavoid these types of accidents. Your driver may simply not have enough space toperform the maneuvers he needs to get around the warehouse.

Enforcing the speed limit we talked about earlier is also important. If thedriver is going a reasonable speed, he is more likely to be able to correct amiscalculation before he actually collides with the rack.

Bollards and impact barriers are also a good way to protect thecorners of your racks. Not only by providing a barrier between the forklift andthe rack, but also providing higher visibility.

当驾驶员试图降低叉车高度进入过道，并意外夹入或撞入货架时，经常会损坏托盘货架的端部，从而严重损坏货架并可能损坏存储在货架上的货物。

尝试避免这些类型的事故时，请确保过道足够宽是第一步的有用步骤。您的司机可能根本没有足够的空间来执行他需要绕过仓库的操作。

加强我们前面讨论的速度限制也很重要。如果驾驶员以合理的速度行驶，则他更有可能在实际撞到货架之前纠正错误。

护角和防撞栏也是保护货架的好方法。不仅在叉车和货架之间设置了障碍物，而且还提供了更高的可视性。

Fuel 动力

Some of the biggest hazards associated withforklift usage aren’t necessarily always from the forklifts themselves. How are the forklifts in your warehouse powered? Propane? Electric? Diesel? You’ll have a variety of reasons behind your choice, but be awarethat each one poses a hazard that you must consider. Diesel, gasoline, orany other internal combustion is probably a bad choice for most indooruses. We all know the byproduct of incomplete combustion, right? Carbon Monoxide. And while open overhead doors, ventilation, and largespaces may help mitigate the amount of carbon monoxide your employees areexposed to, what about the employee who takes that forklift into the back of atruck and leaves it running while they secure the load? If you need touse this type of forklift, you’ll probably want to ensure you have the properscrubbers on the exhaust, train your employees to recognize signs of carbonmonoxide exposure, and prohibit running the engine in trailers or otherconfined areas.

与叉车使用相关的最大危害不一定总是来自叉车本身。仓库中的叉车如何提供动力？丙烷？电动？柴油机？您的选择背后有多种原因，但请注意，每个因素都会构成您必须考虑的危险。对于大多数室内使用而言，柴油，汽油或任何其他内燃可能是一个不好的选择。我们都知道燃烧不完全的副产物，对吗？一氧化碳。而且，虽然敞开的高架门，通风和宽敞的空间可能有助于减轻员工接触到的一氧化碳的数量，但是将叉车带入卡车后部并在确保负载的状态下运行的员工又如何呢？如果您需要使用这种类型的叉车，则可能要确保排气管上有合适的洗涤器，对员工进行培训以识别一氧化碳暴露的迹象，并禁止在拖车或其他密闭区域内操作发动机。

LPG or propane burn cleaner, but pose their own hazards, flammability and skinexposure among them. Propane and LPG are flammable and, being heavierthan air, will seep along the floor until possibly finding an ignition source,rather than disperse up into the air. Precautions need to be taken notjust during their use, but also in the area in which you’re storing them toensure you have proper firefighting methods available.

液化石油气或丙烷燃烧清洁剂，但它们自身构成危害，易燃性和皮肤接触。丙烷和液化石油气易燃，比空气重，会沿着地板渗透，直到可能找到点火源，而不是扩散到空气中。不仅要在使用过程中采取预防措施，还应在存放它们的区域中采取预防措施，以确保有适当的灭火方法可用。

So with all the hazards that those fuels create, why not just goelectric? Keep it simple, right? No fumes to worry about. But, the reality is, of course, that electric forklifts have their own set ofissues. Now you have to worry about charging stations, ventilation ofthose stations, eye wash stations, training your people to properly handle thebatteries and more.

那么，既然这些燃料会产生所有危害，为什么不直接使用电动呢？保持简单吧？不用担心烟雾。但是，事实上，电动叉车当然有其自身的问题。现在，您必须担心充电站，这些站的通风，洗眼站，培训人员正确处理电池等问题。

Unless you’re using manual lifts, you’re going to have fuel-related hazards andyou’re going to have to train your people on those hazards and how to worksafely.

除非您使用手动叉车，否则将有与燃油相关的危险，并且必须对人员进行有关这些危险以及如何安全工作的培训。

Classified Areas

限制区域

If you have areas in your warehouse that areclassified as hazardous locations, you need to ensure that your forklift isdesigned to be operated in that area. 29 CFR 1910.178(b) and (c)designate 11 forklift classifications and a listing of classified locations inwhich each type of lift can be used.

如果您的仓库中有被分类为危险区域的区域，则需要确保叉车设计为可以在该区域中操作。 29 CFR 1910.178（b）和（c）指定11种叉车分类以及列出可以使用每种类型的举升机的分类位置列表。

Inspect, Inspect, Inspect

检查、检查、检查

Just like any other piece of equipment, forkliftsneed to be inspected prior to use. How are the tires? Is there aproperly charged fire extinguisher? Do all of the controls workproperly? Do your blinkers and horn function properly? Are yourmirrors in place? Are there any leaks?

与其他设备一样，叉车在使用前也需要进行检查。轮胎怎么样？是否有正确充电的灭火器？所有控件是否正常工作？指示灯和喇叭是否正常工作？你的镜子到位了吗？有泄漏吗？

But inspections are not just limited to the equipment itself. What aboutthe conditions of the warehouse you’re working in? Is the floorlevel? Are there any overhead obstacles you need to be concerned with? Are there any ramps you will have to traverse? Pipe leaks, leaks fromother machines, or any other spill that could cause a problem for you?

但是检查不仅限于设备本身。您在仓库中的地面条件如何？您是否需要考虑任何顶部搞定方面的障碍？您是否需要穿越任何坡道？管道泄漏，其他机器的泄漏或任何其他可能对您造成问题的泄漏？



And don’t forget trailers. If you’re about to load or unload a truck, you have more inspections to do. Is the floor of the trailer capable of supporting the weight of the lift and load? Is it in good condition? Are the wheels chocked or is the trailer otherwise secured?

而且不要忘记拖车车厢。如果您要装卸卡车，则需要进行更多检查。拖车的地板是否能够支撑电梯的重量和负载？它状况良好吗？车轮是否被塞住或拖车是否已固定？

Never take for granted that somebody else has checked the things that yoursafety and well-being depend on. Inspect, inspect, inspect.

切勿以为别人检查了您的安全和福祉所依赖的事物。检查，检查，检查。

Conclusion

结论

There is no lack of danger in a warehouse. Forklifts will always pose some danger to warehouse workers, but that dangercan be exponentially increased if the lift isn’t being operated properly. Train your operators how to safely handle the machines and train your people onthe floor how to behave around lifts. If everyone works together,everyone goes home safe at the end of the shift.

仓库中不乏危险。叉车总是会对仓库工人造成一定的危险，但是如果叉车操作不当，这种危险会成倍增加。培训您的操作员如何安全操作机器，并培训您的人员如何在叉车周围工作。如果每个人都在一起致力于安全作业，则在工作结束时每个人都可以安全回家。