一.相关的坐标系
1)GPS以及iOS系统定位获得的坐标是地理坐标系WGS1984;
2)Web地图一般用的坐标细是投影坐标系WGS 1984 Web Mercator;
3)国内出于相关法律法规要求,对国内所有GPS设备及地图数据都进行了加密偏移处理,代号GCJ-02,这样GPS定位获得的坐标与地图上的位置刚好对应上;
4)特殊的是百度地图在这基础上又进行一次偏移,通称Bd-09;
所以以在处理系统定位坐标及相关地图SDK坐标时需要转换处理下,根据网络资源,目前有一些公开的转换算法。
二.iOS地图开发
1.坐标的转换逻辑
1)<CoreLocation/CoreLocation.h>中提供的CLLocationManager类获取的坐标是WGS1984坐标,这种坐标显示在原生地图(国内iOS原生地图也是用的高德)、谷歌地图或高德地图需要进行WGS1984转GCJ-02计算,苹果地图及谷歌地图用的都是高德地图的数据,所以这三种情况坐标处理方法一样,即将WGS1984坐标转换成偏移后的GCJ-02才可以在地图上正确显示位置。
2)在高德地图中获取的坐标是已经转换成GCJ-02的坐标,这时候的坐标无需转换可以直接显示到地图上的正确位置。
注意点:若此时要对获取的坐标使用CLGeocoder类提供的方法- (void)reverseGeocodeLocation:(CLLocation *)location completionHandler:(CLGeocodeCompletionHandler)completionHandler转码成中文地理位置,就得先将GCJ-02的坐标转换成WGS1984坐标,然后再进行中文地址转码,因为CLGeocoder也是CoreLocation中的类,同样使用的是WGS1984坐标。
3)同理,百度地图显示需要先将坐标转换为Bd-09坐标。
2.三种坐标系的相互转换代码
- //
- // JZLocationConverter.h
- // JZCLLocationMangerDome
- //
- // Created by jack zhou on 13-8-22.
- // Copyright (c) 2013年 JZ. All rights reserved.
- //
- #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
- #import <CoreLocation/CoreLocation.h>
- @interface JZLocationConverter : NSObject
- /**
- * @brief 世界标准地理坐标(WGS-84) 转换成 中国国测局地理坐标(GCJ-02)<火星坐标>
- *
- * ####只在中国大陆的范围的坐标有效,以外直接返回世界标准坐标
- *
- * @param location 世界标准地理坐标(WGS-84)
- *
- * @return 中国国测局地理坐标(GCJ-02)<火星坐标>
- */
- + (CLLocationCoordinate2D)wgs84ToGcj02:(CLLocationCoordinate2D)location;
- /**
- * @brief 中国国测局地理坐标(GCJ-02) 转换成 世界标准地理坐标(WGS-84)
- *
- * ####此接口有1-2米左右的误差,需要精确定位情景慎用
- *
- * @param location 中国国测局地理坐标(GCJ-02)
- *
- * @return 世界标准地理坐标(WGS-84)
- */
- + (CLLocationCoordinate2D)gcj02ToWgs84:(CLLocationCoordinate2D)location;
- /**
- * @brief 世界标准地理坐标(WGS-84) 转换成 百度地理坐标(BD-09)
- *
- * @param location 世界标准地理坐标(WGS-84)
- *
- * @return 百度地理坐标(BD-09)
- */
- + (CLLocationCoordinate2D)wgs84ToBd09:(CLLocationCoordinate2D)location;
- /**
- * @brief 中国国测局地理坐标(GCJ-02)<火星坐标> 转换成 百度地理坐标(BD-09)
- *
- * @param location 中国国测局地理坐标(GCJ-02)<火星坐标>
- *
- * @return 百度地理坐标(BD-09)
- */
- + (CLLocationCoordinate2D)gcj02ToBd09:(CLLocationCoordinate2D)location;
- /**
- * @brief 百度地理坐标(BD-09) 转换成 中国国测局地理坐标(GCJ-02)<火星坐标>
- *
- * @param location 百度地理坐标(BD-09)
- *
- * @return 中国国测局地理坐标(GCJ-02)<火星坐标>
- */
- + (CLLocationCoordinate2D)bd09ToGcj02:(CLLocationCoordinate2D)location;
- /**
- * @brief 百度地理坐标(BD-09) 转换成 世界标准地理坐标(WGS-84)
- *
- * ####此接口有1-2米左右的误差,需要精确定位情景慎用
- *
- * @param location 百度地理坐标(BD-09)
- *
- * @return 世界标准地理坐标(WGS-84)
- */
- + (CLLocationCoordinate2D)bd09ToWgs84:(CLLocationCoordinate2D)location;
- @end
- //
- // JZLocationConverter.m
- // JZCLLocationMangerDome
- //
- // Created by jack zhou on 13-8-22.
- // Copyright (c) 2013年 JZ. All rights reserved.
- //
- #import "JZLocationConverter.h"
- #import <CoreLocation/CoreLocation.h>
- #define LAT_OFFSET_0(x,y) -100.0 + 2.0 * x + 3.0 * y + 0.2 * y * y + 0.1 * x * y + 0.2 * sqrt(fabs(x))
- #define LAT_OFFSET_1 (20.0 * sin(6.0 * x * M_PI) + 20.0 * sin(2.0 * x * M_PI)) * 2.0 / 3.0
- #define LAT_OFFSET_2 (20.0 * sin(y * M_PI) + 40.0 * sin(y / 3.0 * M_PI)) * 2.0 / 3.0
- #define LAT_OFFSET_3 (160.0 * sin(y / 12.0 * M_PI) + 320 * sin(y * M_PI / 30.0)) * 2.0 / 3.0
- #define LON_OFFSET_0(x,y) 300.0 + x + 2.0 * y + 0.1 * x * x + 0.1 * x * y + 0.1 * sqrt(fabs(x))
- #define LON_OFFSET_1 (20.0 * sin(6.0 * x * M_PI) + 20.0 * sin(2.0 * x * M_PI)) * 2.0 / 3.0
- #define LON_OFFSET_2 (20.0 * sin(x * M_PI) + 40.0 * sin(x / 3.0 * M_PI)) * 2.0 / 3.0
- #define LON_OFFSET_3 (150.0 * sin(x / 12.0 * M_PI) + 300.0 * sin(x / 30.0 * M_PI)) * 2.0 / 3.0
- #define RANGE_LON_MAX 137.8347
- #define RANGE_LON_MIN 72.004
- #define RANGE_LAT_MAX 55.8271
- #define RANGE_LAT_MIN 0.8293
- // jzA = 6378245.0, 1/f = 298.3
- // b = a * (1 - f)
- // ee = (a^2 - b^2) / a^2;
- #define jzA 6378245.0
- #define jzEE 0.00669342162296594323
- @implementation JZLocationConverter
- + (double)transformLat:(double)x bdLon:(double)y
- {
- double ret = LAT_OFFSET_0(x, y);
- ret += LAT_OFFSET_1;
- ret += LAT_OFFSET_2;
- ret += LAT_OFFSET_3;
- return ret;
- }
- + (double)transformLon:(double)x bdLon:(double)y
- {
- double ret = LON_OFFSET_0(x, y);
- ret += LON_OFFSET_1;
- ret += LON_OFFSET_2;
- ret += LON_OFFSET_3;
- return ret;
- }
- + (BOOL)outOfChina:(double)lat bdLon:(double)lon
- {
- if (lon < RANGE_LON_MIN || lon > RANGE_LON_MAX)
- return true;
- if (lat < RANGE_LAT_MIN || lat > RANGE_LAT_MAX)
- return true;
- return false;
- }
- + (CLLocationCoordinate2D)gcj02Encrypt:(double)ggLat bdLon:(double)ggLon
- {
- CLLocationCoordinate2D resPoint;
- double mgLat;
- double mgLon;
- if ([self outOfChina:ggLat bdLon:ggLon]) {
- resPoint.latitude = ggLat;
- resPoint.longitude = ggLon;
- return resPoint;
- }
- double dLat = [self transformLat:(ggLon - 105.0)bdLon:(ggLat - 35.0)];
- double dLon = [self transformLon:(ggLon - 105.0) bdLon:(ggLat - 35.0)];
- double radLat = ggLat / 180.0 * M_PI;
- double magic = sin(radLat);
- magic = 1 - jzEE * magic * magic;
- double sqrtMagic = sqrt(magic);
- dLat = (dLat * 180.0) / ((jzA * (1 - jzEE)) / (magic * sqrtMagic) * M_PI);
- dLon = (dLon * 180.0) / (jzA / sqrtMagic * cos(radLat) * M_PI);
- mgLat = ggLat + dLat;
- mgLon = ggLon + dLon;
- resPoint.latitude = mgLat;
- resPoint.longitude = mgLon;
- return resPoint;
- }
- + (CLLocationCoordinate2D)gcj02Decrypt:(double)gjLat gjLon:(double)gjLon {
- CLLocationCoordinate2D gPt = [self gcj02Encrypt:gjLat bdLon:gjLon];
- double dLon = gPt.longitude - gjLon;
- double dLat = gPt.latitude - gjLat;
- CLLocationCoordinate2D pt;
- pt.latitude = gjLat - dLat;
- pt.longitude = gjLon - dLon;
- return pt;
- }
- + (CLLocationCoordinate2D)bd09Decrypt:(double)bdLat bdLon:(double)bdLon
- {
- CLLocationCoordinate2D gcjPt;
- double x = bdLon - 0.0065, y = bdLat - 0.006;
- double z = sqrt(x * x + y * y) - 0.00002 * sin(y * M_PI);
- double theta = atan2(y, x) - 0.000003 * cos(x * M_PI);
- gcjPt.longitude = z * cos(theta);
- gcjPt.latitude = z * sin(theta);
- return gcjPt;
- }
- +(CLLocationCoordinate2D)bd09Encrypt:(double)ggLat bdLon:(double)ggLon
- {
- CLLocationCoordinate2D bdPt;
- double x = ggLon, y = ggLat;
- double z = sqrt(x * x + y * y) + 0.00002 * sin(y * M_PI);
- double theta = atan2(y, x) + 0.000003 * cos(x * M_PI);
- bdPt.longitude = z * cos(theta) + 0.0065;
- bdPt.latitude = z * sin(theta) + 0.006;
- return bdPt;
- }
- + (CLLocationCoordinate2D)wgs84ToGcj02:(CLLocationCoordinate2D)location
- {
- return [self gcj02Encrypt:location.latitude bdLon:location.longitude];
- }
- + (CLLocationCoordinate2D)gcj02ToWgs84:(CLLocationCoordinate2D)location
- {
- return [self gcj02Decrypt:location.latitude gjLon:location.longitude];
- }
- + (CLLocationCoordinate2D)wgs84ToBd09:(CLLocationCoordinate2D)location
- {
- CLLocationCoordinate2D gcj02Pt = [self gcj02Encrypt:location.latitude
- bdLon:location.longitude];
- return [self bd09Encrypt:gcj02Pt.latitude bdLon:gcj02Pt.longitude] ;
- }
- + (CLLocationCoordinate2D)gcj02ToBd09:(CLLocationCoordinate2D)location
- {
- return [self bd09Encrypt:location.latitude bdLon:location.longitude];
- }
- + (CLLocationCoordinate2D)bd09ToGcj02:(CLLocationCoordinate2D)location
- {
- return [self bd09Decrypt:location.latitude bdLon:location.longitude];
- }
- + (CLLocationCoordinate2D)bd09ToWgs84:(CLLocationCoordinate2D)location
- {
- CLLocationCoordinate2D gcj02 = [self bd09ToGcj02:location];
- return [self gcj02Decrypt:gcj02.latitude gjLon:gcj02.longitude];
- }
- @end