虚拟化概述——研读历程

虚拟化的技术,现在可以说炙手可热。VMware,微软,Citrix等都投入相当多的人力物力在这方面。为了赶赶潮流,咱现在也正从事体系结构虚拟化方面的研究,其实这里面也包含了我的很多无奈——“老板”分配的方向!对计算虚拟化,我现在还是入门级别,大部分这方面的概念都是基于《Virtual Machines:Versatile Platforms for Systems and Processes》这本书。

 

什么是虚拟化?

“虚拟化是以某种用户和应用程序都可以很容易从中获益的方式来表示计算机资源的过程,而不是根据这些资源的实现、地理位置或物理包装的专有方式来表示它们。换句话说,它为数据、计算能力、存储资源以及其他资源提供了一个逻辑视图,而不是物理视图。” —— Jonathan Eunice, Illuminata Inc.
“虚拟化是表示计算机资源的逻辑组(或子集)的过程,这样就可以用从原始配置中获益的方式访问它们。这种资源的新虚拟视图并不受实现、地理位置或底层资源的物理配置的限制。” —— Wikipedia

“虚拟化:对一组类似资源提供一个通用的抽象接口集,从而隐藏属性和操作之间的差异,并允许通过一种通用的方式来查看并维护资源。” —— Open Grid Services Architecture Glossary of Terms

虚拟化(virtualization)是一个很宽泛的概念,不同的人可能有不同的定义。以上观点的以不同形式指出了,虚拟化是计算机资源的抽象表示,不受物理限制的约束,并提供一种有益的管理和维护资源的手段。另一种比较流行的说法是,虚拟化是计算机硬件和软件的解耦的过程,并提供资源的共享和隔离手段,简化计算机系统资源的管理和维护。个人觉得第二种说法,更符合开发者理解虚拟化。 

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Virtual Machine technology applies the concept of virtualization to an entire machine, circumventing real machine compatibility constraints and hardware resource constraints to enable a higher degree of software portability and flexibility. Virtual machines are rapidly becoming an essential element in computer system design. They provide system security, flexibility, cross-platform compatibility, reliability, and resource efficiency. Designed to solve problems in combining and using major computer system components, virtual machine technologies play a key role in many disciplines, including operating systems, programming languages, and computer architecture. For example, at the process level, virtualizing technologies support dynamic program translation and platform-independent network computing. At the system level, they support multiple operating system environments on the same hardware platform and in servers. Historically, individual virtual machine techniques have been developed within the specific disciplines that employ them (in some cases they arent even referred to as virtual machines), making it difficult to see their common underlying relationships in a cohesive way. In this text, Smith and Nair take a new approach by examining virtual machines as a unified discipline. Pulling together cross-cutting technologies allows virtual machine implementations to be studied and engineered in a well-structured manner. Topics include instruction set emulation, dynamic program translation and optimization, high level virtual machines (including Java and CLI), and system virtual machines for both single-user systems and servers.

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