分布式消息队列RocketMQ源码分析之1 -- Topic路由数据结构解析 -- topicRoute与topicPublishInfo与queueId

在前1篇RokcetMQ与Kafka架构差异一文中，我们已经讨论了2者在Topic的路由结构，也即topic/partition与物理机器的映射关系上的巨大差异。这个差异也是2者在架构上的一个巨大差异点，也是导致RocketMQ可以去除ZK依赖的一个重要原因。

本篇将接着这个话题，进一步从源码角度深度解析Topic的路由数据结构。至所以把“topic路由结构“作为源码分析的首篇，是因为这个话题串联了NameServer, Broker, Producer, Consumer, Admin这5个角色。

彻底搞清楚topic的路由结构，将让我们对这几个角色之间的相互通信过程，有一个深刻理解，也从而对RocketMQ的整体架构有一个把握。

Admin端创建Topic的流程

要搞清楚topic的路由结构，我们首先要知道topic是如何被创建的。

在RocketMQ里面，topic的创建是在Admin管理端完成的，具体点，就是命令行工具。对应到源码里面，就是rocketmq-tools/UpdateTopicSubCommand.Java这个文件里面。

下面的图显示了创建1个topic的3个步骤： 

第1步：GetMasterListByClusterName，也就是管理端向NameServer集群请求，获取该topic所在的cluster对应的Master的机器列表。

第2步：遍历这个Master列表，向每个Master发送UPDATE_AND_CREATE_TOPIC的命令

第3步：每个Master收到这个命令，向NameServer集群发送RegisterBroker请求。具体来讲，就是遍历所有NameServer，挨个向其发送RegisterBroker请求。

NameServer收到这些RegisterBroker请求，形成每个topic的路由结构，存放在RouteInfoManager里面。

下面看一下创建topic的源码：

步骤1

//UpdateTopicSubCommand.java
    public void execute(final CommandLine commandLine, final Options options, RPCHook rpcHook) {
    ...
     else if (commandLine.hasOption('c')) {
                String clusterName = commandLine.getOptionValue('c').trim();

                defaultMQAdminExt.start();

                Set<String> masterSet =
                        CommandUtil.fetchMasterAddrByClusterName(defaultMQAdminExt, clusterName); //第1步：根据clusterName获取Master列表

                for (String addr : masterSet) {
                    defaultMQAdminExt.createAndUpdateTopicConfig(addr, topicConfig);  //第2步：遍历所有Master，发送CreateTopic命令
                    System.out.printf("create topic to %s success.%n", addr);
                }

    ...

            }


    public void createTopic(final String addr, final String defaultTopic, final TopicConfig topicConfig, final long timeoutMillis)
            throws RemotingException, MQBrokerException, InterruptedException, MQClientException {
        CreateTopicRequestHeader requestHeader = new CreateTopicRequestHeader();
        requestHeader.setTopic(topicConfig.getTopicName());
        requestHeader.setDefaultTopic(defaultTopic);
        requestHeader.setReadQueueNums(topicConfig.getReadQueueNums());
        requestHeader.setWriteQueueNums(topicConfig.getWriteQueueNums());
        requestHeader.setPerm(topicConfig.getPerm());
        requestHeader.setTopicFilterType(topicConfig.getTopicFilterType().name());
        requestHeader.setTopicSysFlag(topicConfig.getTopicSysFlag());
        requestHeader.setOrder(topicConfig.isOrder());

        RemotingCommand request = RemotingCommand.createRequestCommand(RequestCode.UPDATE_AND_CREATE_TOPIC, requestHeader);  

        RemotingCommand response = this.remotingClient.invokeSync(MixAll.brokerVIPChannel(this.clientConfig.isVipChannelEnabled(), addr),
                request, timeoutMillis); //具体的，发送CreateTopic命令的地方
        assert response != null;
        switch (response.getCode()) {
            case ResponseCode.SUCCESS: {
                return;
            }
            default:
                break;
        }

        throw new MQClientException(response.getCode(), response.getRemark());
    }


 
 
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步骤2

接下来看一下，Master Broker收到这个命令，是如何处理的呢？

//broker里面， AdminBrokerProcessor专门处理Admin端发来的消息
public class AdminBrokerProcessor implements NettyRequestProcessor {

    @Override
    public RemotingCommand processRequest(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, RemotingCommand request) throws RemotingCommandException {
        switch (request.getCode()) {
            case RequestCode.UPDATE_AND_CREATE_TOPIC:
                return this.updateAndCreateTopic(ctx, request);
                ...
}

    private RemotingCommand updateAndCreateTopic(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, RemotingCommand request) throws RemotingCommandException {
     ...

        this.brokerController.getTopicConfigManager().updateTopicConfig(topicConfig);  //更新本地的topicConfig
        this.brokerController.registerBrokerAll(false, true); //向NameServer发送registerBroker请求
        return null;
    }

    public RegisterBrokerResult registerBrokerAll(
            final String clusterName,
            final String brokerAddr,
            final String brokerName,
            final long brokerId,
            final String haServerAddr,
            final TopicConfigSerializeWrapper topicConfigWrapper,
            final List<String> filterServerList,
            final boolean oneway,
            final int timeoutMills) {
        RegisterBrokerResult registerBrokerResult = null;

        List<String> nameServerAddressList = this.remotingClient.getNameServerAddressList();  //遍历所有的NameServer，挨个向其发送RegisterBroker请求
        if (nameServerAddressList != null) {
            for (String namesrvAddr : nameServerAddressList) {
                try {
                    RegisterBrokerResult result = this.registerBroker(namesrvAddr, clusterName, brokerAddr, brokerName, brokerId,
                            haServerAddr, topicConfigWrapper, filterServerList, oneway, timeoutMills);
                    if (result != null) {
                        registerBrokerResult = result;
                    }

                    log.info("register broker to name server {} OK", namesrvAddr);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    log.warn("registerBroker Exception, " + namesrvAddr, e);
                }
            }
        }

        return registerBrokerResult;
    }
 
 
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步骤3

下面就来看一下，NameServer是如何处理RegisterBroker请求的呢？

//NameSrv里面的DefaultRequestProcessor，处理所有请求
public class DefaultRequestProcessor implements NettyRequestProcessor {
    public RemotingCommand processRequest(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, RemotingCommand request) throws RemotingCommandException {
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug("receive request, {} {} {}",
                    request.getCode(),
                    RemotingHelper.parseChannelRemoteAddr(ctx.channel()),
                    request);
        }

        switch (request.getCode()) {
            。。。 
            case RequestCode.REGISTER_BROKER:
                Version brokerVersion = MQVersion.value2Version(request.getVersion());
                if (brokerVersion.ordinal() >= MQVersion.Version.V3_0_11.ordinal()) {
                    return this.registerBrokerWithFilterServer(ctx, request);
                }
                else {
                    return this.registerBroker(ctx, request);
                }


//核心代码就在下面这个registerBroker里面，在这个里面，完成topic路由结构的创建
    public RegisterBrokerResult registerBroker(
            final String clusterName,
            final String brokerAddr,
            final String brokerName,
            final long brokerId,
            final String haServerAddr,
            final TopicConfigSerializeWrapper topicConfigWrapper,
            final List<String> filterServerList,
            final Channel channel) {
        RegisterBrokerResult result = new RegisterBrokerResult();
        try {
            try {
                this.lock.writeLock().lockInterruptibly();


                Set<String> brokerNames = this.clusterAddrTable.get(clusterName);
                if (null == brokerNames) {
                    brokerNames = new HashSet<String>();
                    this.clusterAddrTable.put(clusterName, brokerNames);
                }
                brokerNames.add(brokerName);

                boolean registerFirst = false;


                BrokerData brokerData = this.brokerAddrTable.get(brokerName);
                if (null == brokerData) {
                    registerFirst = true;
                    brokerData = new BrokerData();
                    brokerData.setBrokerName(brokerName);
                    HashMap<Long, String> brokerAddrs = new HashMap<Long, String>();
                    brokerData.setBrokerAddrs(brokerAddrs);

                    this.brokerAddrTable.put(brokerName, brokerData);
                }
                String oldAddr = brokerData.getBrokerAddrs().put(brokerId, brokerAddr);
                registerFirst = registerFirst || (null == oldAddr);


                if (null != topicConfigWrapper //
                        && MixAll.MASTER_ID == brokerId) {
                    if (this.isBrokerTopicConfigChanged(brokerAddr, topicConfigWrapper.getDataVersion())//
                            || registerFirst) {
                        ConcurrentHashMap<String, TopicConfig> tcTable =
                                topicConfigWrapper.getTopicConfigTable();
                        if (tcTable != null) {
                            for (Map.Entry<String, TopicConfig> entry : tcTable.entrySet()) {
                                this.createAndUpdateQueueData(brokerName, entry.getValue());
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }


                BrokerLiveInfo prevBrokerLiveInfo = this.brokerLiveTable.put(brokerAddr,
                        new BrokerLiveInfo(
                                System.currentTimeMillis(),
                                topicConfigWrapper.getDataVersion(),
                                channel,
                                haServerAddr));
                if (null == prevBrokerLiveInfo) {
                    log.info("new broker registerd, {} HAServer: {}", brokerAddr, haServerAddr);
                }


                if (filterServerList != null) {
                    if (filterServerList.isEmpty()) {
                        this.filterServerTable.remove(brokerAddr);
                    } else {
                        this.filterServerTable.put(brokerAddr, filterServerList);
                    }
                }


                if (MixAll.MASTER_ID != brokerId) {
                    String masterAddr = brokerData.getBrokerAddrs().get(MixAll.MASTER_ID);
                    if (masterAddr != null) {
                        BrokerLiveInfo brokerLiveInfo = this.brokerLiveTable.get(masterAddr);
                        if (brokerLiveInfo != null) {
                            result.setHaServerAddr(brokerLiveInfo.getHaServerAddr());
                            result.setMasterAddr(masterAddr);
                        }
                    }
                }
            } finally {
                this.lock.writeLock().unlock();
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("registerBroker Exception", e);
        }

        return result;
    }


    private void createAndUpdateQueueData(final String brokerName, final TopicConfig topicConfig) {
        QueueData queueData = new QueueData();
        queueData.setBrokerName(brokerName);
        queueData.setWriteQueueNums(topicConfig.getWriteQueueNums());
        queueData.setReadQueueNums(topicConfig.getReadQueueNums());
        queueData.setPerm(topicConfig.getPerm());
        queueData.setTopicSynFlag(topicConfig.getTopicSysFlag());

        List<QueueData> queueDataList = this.topicQueueTable.get(topicConfig.getTopicName());
        if (null == queueDataList) {
            queueDataList = new LinkedList<QueueData>();
            queueDataList.add(queueData);
            this.topicQueueTable.put(topicConfig.getTopicName(), queueDataList);
            log.info("new topic registerd, {} {}", topicConfig.getTopicName(), queueData);
        } else {
            boolean addNewOne = true;

            Iterator<QueueData> it = queueDataList.iterator();
            while (it.hasNext()) {
                QueueData qd = it.next();
                if (qd.getBrokerName().equals(brokerName)) {
                    if (qd.equals(queueData)) {
                        addNewOne = false;
                    } else {
                        log.info("topic changed, {} OLD: {} NEW: {}", topicConfig.getTopicName(), qd,
                                queueData);
                        it.remove();
                    }
                }
            }

            if (addNewOne) {
                queueDataList.add(queueData);
            }
        }
    }
 
 
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上面的代码看起来很复杂，简单的讲其实就是：每来一个Master，创建一个QueueData对象。如果是新建topic，就是添加QueueData对象；如果是修改topic，就是把旧的QueueData删除，加入新的。

假设对于1个topic，有3个Master，NameSrv也就收到3个RegisterBroker请求。那对应的，该topic对应的QueueDataList里面，也就3个QueueData对象。

总结

关键点：每1个QueueData对象，对应1个Master机器！！！

下面就来深入分析一下topic的路由结构和这个QueueData.

NameServer上面TopicRoute的结构

在NameServer上有一个RouteInfoManger对象，这个对象维护了所有topic和所有机器的映射信息，也就是topic的路由结构。

这个结构，也是整个RocketMQ最核心的结构，下面就来深入剖析一下这个结构。

public class RouteInfoManager {
...
    private final HashMap<String/* topic */, List<QueueData>> topicQueueTable;   //核心Map之1: topic到QueueData
    private final HashMap<String/* brokerName */, BrokerData> brokerAddrTable;   //核心Map之2: 物理机器信息，brokerName到Master/Slave机器列表
    private final HashMap<String/* clusterName */, Set<String/* brokerName */>> clusterAddrTable;  //核心Map之3: 物理机器信息，1个cluster多个broker


    private final HashMap<String/* brokerAddr */, BrokerLiveInfo> brokerLiveTable;   //以后讲述

}

public class QueueData implements Comparable<QueueData> {
    private String brokerName;
    private int readQueueNums;
    private int writeQueueNums;
    private int perm;
    private int topicSynFlag;
    ...
}

public class BrokerData implements Comparable<BrokerData> {
    private String cluster;
    private String brokerName;
    private HashMap<Long/* brokerId */, String/* broker address */> brokerAddrs; //关键点：一个broker = 1个master + 多个slave，master的brokerId = 0, slave的brokerId  > 0
    ...
}
 
 
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关于上面的数据结构，有以下几个核心要点： 
(1) 每个broker有多台物理机器，具体来讲，就是1个Master + 多个Slave。对应上面的

private final HashMap<String/* brokerName */, BrokerData> brokerAddrTable; 
 
 
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(2) 多个broker组成一个cluster。缺省就1个，defaultCluster。对应上面的

 private final HashMap<String/* clusterName */, Set<String/* brokerName */>> clusterAddrTable;  //核心Map之3: 1个cluster多个broker
 
 
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关键点：这里的（1）（2）这2个数据结构是“静态的“，是在配置整个集群的时候，从配置文件中读取并确定的。

（3）一个topic有多个QueueData，每个QueueData有一个brokerName变量。也就是上面所的，每个master对应1个QueueData对象。

    private final HashMap<String/* topic */, List<QueueData>> topicQueueTable;   //核心Map之1: topic到QueueData
 
 
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（1)和(3)这2个数据结构，正是通过brokerName进行关联。

不同于(1)(3)是“静态配置”的，(2)这个结构，就是上面说的，CreateTopic的时候，创建的。

关键点–queueId如何生成的？

分析上面的代码我们发现，QueueData里面并没有queueId这个变量。可是Producer在发送Message的时候，每个Message都有一个topic + queueId。

那这个queueID是怎么来的呢？queueID是全局的，还是每个master的queueID都是从编号0开始呢？

这个问题可以说是本篇文章的“精髓”，也就是topic/queue和Broker的映射关系。

下面就来通过Producer端的Message发送的代码，看一下queueID到底是如何生成的？

Producer端发送Message的流程

Producer端的代码经过了层层封装，此处我们省掉外层的部分，直抵最核心的消息发送前，路由选择的逻辑。

//DefaultMQProducerImpl
    private SendResult sendDefaultImpl(//
                                       Message msg, //
                                       final CommunicationMode communicationMode, //
                                       final SendCallback sendCallback, //
                                       final long timeout//
    ) throws MQClientException, RemotingException, MQBrokerException, InterruptedException {
        this.makeSureStateOK();
        Validators.checkMessage(msg, this.defaultMQProducer);

        final long invokeID = random.nextLong();
        long beginTimestampFirst = System.currentTimeMillis();
        long beginTimestampPrev = beginTimestampFirst;
        long endTimestamp = beginTimestampFirst;
        TopicPublishInfo topicPublishInfo = this.tryToFindTopicPublishInfo(msg.getTopic());  //关键步骤1：拿到topic路由信息，并把topicRoute转化为topicPublishInfo
        if (topicPublishInfo != null && topicPublishInfo.ok()) {
            MessageQueue mq = null;
            Exception exception = null;
            SendResult sendResult = null;
            int timesTotal = communicationMode == CommunicationMode.SYNC ? 1 + this.defaultMQProducer.getRetryTimesWhenSendFailed() : 1;
            int times = 0;
            String[] brokersSent = new String[timesTotal];
            for (; times < timesTotal; times++) {
                String lastBrokerName = null == mq ? null : mq.getBrokerName();
                MessageQueue tmpmq = this.selectOneMessageQueue(topicPublishInfo, lastBrokerName);  //步骤2：从topicPublishInfo里面，选择一个MessageQueue，进行发送
 
 
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注意，这里Producer端新进来一个MessageQueue对象，它和NameSrv上面的QueueData有什么区别呢？

public class MessageQueue implements Comparable<MessageQueue>, Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 6191200464116433425L;
    private String topic;
    private String brokerName;
    private int queueId;
    ...
 }
 
 
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可以看到，此处queueId出来了！！！正是在上面的代码中，完成了QueueData到MessageQueue的转化。

下面就来看一下这个转换逻辑:

    public boolean updateTopicRouteInfoFromNameServer(final String topic, boolean isDefault, DefaultMQProducer defaultMQProducer) {
        try {
            if (this.lockNamesrv.tryLock(LOCK_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)) {
                try {
                    TopicRouteData topicRouteData;
                    if (isDefault && defaultMQProducer != null) {
                        topicRouteData = this.mQClientAPIImpl.getDefaultTopicRouteInfoFromNameServer(defaultMQProducer.getCreateTopicKey(),
                                1000 * 3);  //从NameSrv拿到topicRoute信息，也就是上面NameSrv里面那个RouteInfoManager里面的map
                        if (topicRouteData != null) {
                            for (QueueData data : topicRouteData.getQueueDatas()) {
                                int queueNums = Math.min(defaultMQProducer.getDefaultTopicQueueNums(), data.getReadQueueNums());
                                data.setReadQueueNums(queueNums);
                                data.setWriteQueueNums(queueNums);
                            }
                        }
                    } else {
                        topicRouteData = this.mQClientAPIImpl.getTopicRouteInfoFromNameServer(topic, 1000 * 3);
                    }
                    if (topicRouteData != null) {
                        TopicRouteData old = this.topicRouteTable.get(topic);
                        boolean changed = topicRouteDataIsChange(old, topicRouteData);
                        if (!changed) {
                            changed = this.isNeedUpdateTopicRouteInfo(topic);
                        } else {
                            log.info("the topic[{}] route info changed, old[{}] ,new[{}]", topic, old, topicRouteData);
                        }

                        if (changed) {
                            TopicRouteData cloneTopicRouteData = topicRouteData.cloneTopicRouteData();

                            for (BrokerData bd : topicRouteData.getBrokerDatas()) {
                                this.brokerAddrTable.put(bd.getBrokerName(), bd.getBrokerAddrs());
                            }

                            // Update Pub info
                            {
                                TopicPublishInfo publishInfo = topicRouteData2TopicPublishInfo(topic, topicRouteData);  //关键函数：把topicRoute转换为topicPublishInfo
                                publishInfo.setHaveTopicRouterInfo(true);
                                Iterator<Entry<String, MQProducerInner>> it = this.producerTable.entrySet().iterator();
                                while (it.hasNext()) {
                                    Entry<String, MQProducerInner> entry = it.next();
                                    MQProducerInner impl = entry.getValue();
                                    if (impl != null) {
                                        impl.updateTopicPublishInfo(topic, publishInfo);
                                    }
                                }

 
 
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//关键函数：topicRouteData2TopicPublishInfo
    public static TopicPublishInfo topicRouteData2TopicPublishInfo(final String topic, final TopicRouteData route) {
        TopicPublishInfo info = new TopicPublishInfo();
        info.setTopicRouteData(route);
        if (route.getOrderTopicConf() != null && route.getOrderTopicConf().length() > 0) {
        ...
        } else {
            List<QueueData> qds = route.getQueueDatas(); //遍历该topic的所有QueueData
            Collections.sort(qds);
            for (QueueData qd : qds) {
                if (PermName.isWriteable(qd.getPerm())) {
                    BrokerData brokerData = null;
                    for (BrokerData bd : route.getBrokerDatas()) {
                        if (bd.getBrokerName().equals(qd.getBrokerName())) {   //找到对应的Master
                            brokerData = bd;
                            break;
                        }
                    }

                    if (null == brokerData) {
                        continue;
                    }

                    if (!brokerData.getBrokerAddrs().containsKey(MixAll.MASTER_ID)) {
                        continue;
                    }

                    for (int i = 0; i < qd.getWriteQueueNums(); i++) { //遍历所有的writeQueueNums
                        MessageQueue mq = new MessageQueue(topic, qd.getBrokerName(), i); //创建每1个MessageQueue
                        info.getMessageQueueList().add(mq);
                    }
                }
            }

            info.setOrderTopic(false);
        }

        return info;
    }
 
 
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关键公式

通过上面代码，我们会发现一个关键性的公式：

topic的MessageQueue数目 =  topic的QueueData数目 * writeQueueNums = topic所在的cluster的Master个数 * writeQueueNums
 
 
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缺省，所有broker都在同1个cluster，DefaultCluster。

这也就回答了上面的问题： queueId其实是局部的，对于同1个topic，每个Master上面的queueId编号都是从0开始的。

假设一个topic有3个Master，writeQueueNums = 8。那也就意味着：每个Master上面都有8个queue，queueId为0 – 7。

总结

通过上面分析，我们也就在上一篇文章基础上，更深刻的知道了Kafka和RocketMQ在topic路由结构上的巨大差异。

Kafka： 1个topic多个partition，每个partition有1个Master + 多个Slave； 

RocketMQ: 1个topic多个broker（1个Master + 多个slave)，每个broker上面都有writeQueueNums个queue。 

topic的queue个数，加总就不是writeQueueNums，而是writeQueueNums * master个数。

也正因为1个topic有多个Master，而不像Kafka那样，一个partition只有一个master，需要在master挂了之后，从slave中选举出master.