最近在网上看到一个SQL练习的好例子,跟着练习了下,重新温习了遍SQL查询,收获颇丰;
好记性不如烂笔头,整理如下,便于日后参考,有误或有更好的SQL请不吝赐教。
1、SQL 类型:MySQL5.7.24
2、执行环境:Navicat for MySQL
一、建表与插入样例数据
1、表结构概况
-- 1.学生表
-- Student(SID,Sname,Sage,Ssex) --SID 学生编号,Sname 学生姓名,Sage 出生年月,Ssex 学生性别
-- --2.课程表
-- Course(CID,Cname,TID) --CID --课程编号,Cname 课程名称,TID 教师编号
-- --3.教师表
-- Teacher(TID,Tname) --TID 教师编号,Tname 教师姓名
-- --4.成绩表
-- SC(SID,CID,score) --SID 学生编号,CID 课程编号,score 分数
2、建表
-- --创建测试数据
create table Student(SID varchar(10),Sname nvarchar(10),Sage datetime,Ssex nvarchar(10));
insert into Student values('01' , '赵雷' , '1990-01-01' , '男');
insert into Student values('02' , '钱电' , '1990-12-21' , '男');
insert into Student values('03' , '孙风' , '1990-05-20' , '男');
insert into Student values('04' , '李云' , '1990-08-06' , '男');
insert into Student values('05' , '周梅' , '1991-12-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('06' , '吴兰' , '1992-03-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('07' , '郑竹' , '1989-07-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('08' , '王菊' , '1990-01-20' , '女');
create table Course(CID varchar(10),Cname nvarchar(10),TID varchar(10));
insert into Course values('01' , '语文' , '02');
insert into Course values('02' , '数学' , '01');
insert into Course values('03' , '英语' , '03');
create table Teacher(TID varchar(10),Tname nvarchar(10));
insert into Teacher values('01' , '张三');
insert into Teacher values('02' , '李四');
insert into Teacher values('03' , '王五');
create table SC(SID varchar(10),CID varchar(10),score decimal(18,1));
insert into SC values('01' , '01' , 80);
insert into SC values('01' , '02' , 90);
insert into SC values('01' , '03' , 99);
insert into SC values('02' , '01' , 70);
insert into SC values('02' , '02' , 60);
insert into SC values('02' , '03' , 80);
insert into SC values('03' , '01' , 80);
insert into SC values('03' , '02' , 80);
insert into SC values('03' , '03' , 80);
insert into SC values('04' , '01' , 50);
insert into SC values('04' , '02' , 30);
insert into SC values('04' , '03' , 20);
insert into SC values('05' , '01' , 76);
insert into SC values('05' , '02' , 87);
insert into SC values('06' , '01' , 31);
insert into SC values('06' , '03' , 34);
insert into SC values('07' , '02' , 89);
insert into SC values('07' , '03' , 98);
二、N条select查询
-- 1、查询"01"课程比"02"课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数
select a.* , b.score 课程01的分数,c.score 课程02的分数 from student a , sc b , sc c
where a.sid = b.sid and a.sid = c.sid and b.cid = '01' and c.cid = '02' and b.score > c.score;
-- 1.1、查询同时存在"01"课程和"02"课程的情况
select a.*,b.score as 课程01的分数,c.score as 课程02的分数 from student a
inner join sc b on a.sid = b.sid and b.cid = '01' and b.score > 0
inner join sc c on a.sid = c.sid and c.cid = '02' and c.score > 0;
-- 1.2、查询同时存在"01"课程和"02"课程的情况和存在"01"课程但可能不存在"02"课程的情况(不存在时显示为null)
select a.*, b.score 课程01的分数, c.score 课程02的分数 from student a
left join sc b on a.sid = b.sid and b.cid = '01'
left join sc c on a.sid = c.sid and c.cid = '02'
where b.score > 0;
-- 2、查询同时存在"01"课程和"02"课程的情况和不存在"01"课程但存在"02"课程的情况
select a.*, b.score 课程01的分数, c.score 课程02的分数 from student a
left join sc b on a.sid = b.sid and b.cid = '01'
left join sc c on a.sid = c.sid and c.cid = '02'
where c.score > 0;
-- 3、查询平均成绩大于等于60分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩
-- 不好的方法,当课程多时将需要大量一个个算
-- SELECT a.SID, a.Sname, (b.score + c.score)/2 AS avgscore FROM student a,
-- sc b,sc c where a.SID = b.SID and a.SID = c.SID and b.CID = '01' and c.CID = '02'
-- AND (b.score + c.score)/2 >= 60;
-- 方法2,分组后,使用聚合函数计算平均值
select a.sid, a.sname, cast(avg(b.score) as decimal(18,2)) as avgscore from student a,sc b
where a.sid = b.sid
group by a.sid,a.sname having avg(b.score) >= 60 order by a.sid;
-- 4.1、查询在sc表存在成绩的学生信息的SQL语句