53：Simplify Path

题目：Given an absolute path for a file (Unix-style), simplify it.
For example,
path = “/home/”, => “/home”
path = “/a/./b/../../c/”, => “/c”
Corner Cases:
• Did you consider the case where path = “/../”? In this case, you should return “/”.
• Another corner case is the path might contain multiple slashes ‘/’ together, such as “/home//foo/”. In this case, you should ignore redundant slashes and return “/home/foo”.

下面解法代码的思想及编写参考了网址https://github.com/soulmachine/leetcode#leetcode题解题目

代码如下：

/ 时间复杂度 O(n)，空间复杂度 O(n)
class Solution {
public:
        string simplifyPath(const string& path) {
                vector<string> dirs;  // 当做栈

                for (auto i = path.begin(); i != path.end(); ) {
                        ++i;

                        auto j = find(i, path.end(), '/');
                        auto dir = string(i, j);

                        if (!dir.empty() && dir != '.') { // 当有连续 '///' 时，dir 为空
                                if (dir == '..') {
                                        if (!dirs.empty()) dirs.pop_back();
                                }
                                else dirs.push_back(dir);
                        i = j;
                }

                ostringstream out;
                if (dirs.empty()) out << "/";
                else {
                        for (auto dir : dirs)
                                out << "/" << dir;
                }

                return out.str();
        }
};