Adroid开发之解析Json数据格式

前言

相比较 XML，JSON 的主要优势在于它的体积更小，在网络上传输的时候可以更省流量。但缺点在于，它的语义性较差，看起来不如 XML 直观。
各有所长，这篇主要学习如何解析json,常用的解析方式有

• JSONObject (*)
• GSON (*)
• Jackson
• FastJson
• …

这里我们主要来学习一下前两种方式。

同样的，在服务器新建一个get_data.json文件。内容格式如下：

通过JSONObject

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        switch (v.getId()) {
        case R.id.send_req:
            sendRequestWithHttpClient();
            break;

        default:
            break;
        }
    }

    // The code that request is Success
    private static final int REQUEST_SUCCESS = 200;

    // Encoding format
    private static final String UTF_8 = "UTF-8";

    /**
     * HttpClient
     * 
     * The HttpClient was supported by Apache
     * 
     */
    private void sendRequestWithHttpClient() {

        new Thread(new Runnable() {

            @Override
            public void run() {
                // this is a GET request
                try {
                    HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
                    HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://127.0.0.1/get_data.json");
                    HttpResponse httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpGet);

                    if (httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == REQUEST_SUCCESS) {
                        HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity();
                        String response = EntityUtils.toString(entity, UTF_8);

                        // Parse json data by JSONObject method
                        parseJSONWithJSONObject(response);  

                    }
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }).start();

    }

    /**
     * 通过JSONObject来解析json数据
     * 
     * @param jsonData
     */
    private void parseJSONWithJSONObject(String jsonData) {
        try {
            JSONArray jsonArray = new JSONArray(jsonData);
            for (int i = 0; i < jsonArray.length(); i++) {
                JSONObject jsonObject = jsonArray.getJSONObject(i);
                String id = jsonObject.getString("id");
                String name = jsonObject.getString("name");
                String version = jsonObject.getString("version");

                Log.d("MainActivity", "id is " + id);
                Log.d("MainActivity", "name is " + name);
                Log.d("MainActivity", "version is " + version);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

通过GSON

首先要导入GSON的jar包到libs文件夹中：

GSON库有何神奇之处？

GSON可以将一段JSON格式的字符串自动映射成一个对象，从而不需要我们再手动去编写代码进行解析了.

比如说一段 JSON 格式的数据如下所示：

    {"name":"Tom","age":20}

那我们就可以定义一个 Person 类，并加入 name 和 age 这两个字段，然后只需简单地调用如下代码就可以将 JSON 数据自动解析成一个 Person 对象了：

    Gson gson = new Gson();
    Person person = gson.fromJson(jsonData, Person.class);

如果需要解析的是一段 JSON 数组会稍微麻烦一点，我们需要借助 TypeToken 将期望解析成的数据类型传入到 fromJson()方法中，如下所示：

    List<Person> people = gson.fromJson(jsonData, new TypeToken<List<Person>>()
    {}.getType());

接下来，我们来解析服务器上的get_data.json,新建个app类：

public class App {

    private String id;

    private String name;

    private String version;

    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(String id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getVersion() {
        return version;
    }

    public void setVersion(String version) {
        this.version = version;
    }

}

MainActivity.java

    /**
     * HttpClient
     * 
     * The HttpClient was supported by Apache
     * 
     */
    private void sendRequestWithHttpClient() {

        new Thread(new Runnable() {

            @Override
            public void run() {
                // this is a GET request
                try {
                    HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
                    HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://127.0.0.1/get_data.json");
                    HttpResponse httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpGet);

                    if (httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == REQUEST_SUCCESS) {
                        HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity();
                        String response = EntityUtils.toString(entity, UTF_8);

                        // Parse json data by Gson method
                        parseJSONWithGson(response);    

                    }
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }).start();

    }

    /**
     * 通过Gson来解析json数据
     * 
     * @param jsonData
     */
    private void parseJSONWithGson(String jsonData) {
        Gson gson = new Gson();
        List<App> appList = gson.fromJson(jsonData, new TypeToken<List<App>>(){}.getType());
        for (App app : appList) {
            Log.d("MainActivity", app.getId());
            Log.d("MainActivity", app.getName());
            Log.d("MainActivity", app.getVersion());
        }
    }