java基础进阶-05-IO流_字符流

IO流

IO流

字符流

• InputStreamReader

• OutputStreamWriter

• 汉字存储

  • GBK编码
    • 2个字节
  • UTF-8
    • 3个字节

String s = "中国";
byte[] bys = s.getBytes();
byte[] bys = s.getBytes("GBK");

• 字符流
  • 字节流+编码表

编码表

• 二进制
  • 所有信息都是二进制存储
• 编码
  • 按某种规则将字符转换为二进制存储
• 解码
  • 按某种规则将二进制转换为字符解析
• 编码表
  • 字符集
    • 一个系统所有字符的集合
    • ASCII/GBXX/Unicode

编码解码

• 编码

  • getBytes()
  • getBytes(String charsetName)

• 解码

  • String(byte[] bytes)
  • String(byte[] bytes,String charsetName)

String s = "中国";
byte[] bys1 = s.getBytes();
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(bys1));//[-28,-72,-83,-27,-101,-67]

byte[] bys2 = s.getBytes("UTF-8");
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(bys2));//[-28,-72,-83,-27,-101,-67]

byte[] bys2 = s.getBytes("GBK");
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(bys2));//[-42,-48,-71,-6]

String s = "中国";
byte[] bys1 = s.getBytes("UTF-8");
String ss = new String(bys1,"UTF-8");
System.out.println(ss);

字符流中的编码解码

• FileOutStream
• FileInputStream

public class ConversionStramDemo{
    public static void main(String[] args){
        //采用默认编码
        OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("fos.txt"));
        osw.write("中国");
        osw.close();
    }
}

public class ConversionStramDemo{
    public static void main(String[] args){
        //采用指定编码
        OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("fos.txt"),"UTF-8");
        osw.write("中国");
        osw.close();
    }
}

public class ConversionStramDemo{
    public static void main(String[] args){
        //采用默认编码
        InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("isr.txt"));
        //一次读一个字符
        int ch;
        while((ch=isr.read())!=-1){
            System.out.println((char)ch);
        }
        isr.close();
    }
}

public class ConversionStramDemo{
    public static void main(String[] args){
        //采用默认编码
        InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("isr.txt"),"UTF-8");
        //一次读一个字符
        int ch;
        while((ch=isr.read())!=-1){
            System.out.println((char)ch);
        }
        isr.close();
    }
}

字符流写数据

• OutputStreamWriter
  • write(int c)
  • write(char[] cbuf)
  • write(char[] cbuf,int off,int len)
  • write(String str)
  • write(String str,int off,int len)

写入一个字符

OutputStreamWrite osw = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("osw.txt"));
osw.write(97);//a
//有缓冲，需要刷新
osw.flush();

//关闭前也会先刷新
osw.close();

写入一个字符数组

OutputStreamWrite osw = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("osw.txt"));
char[] ch = {'a','b','c','d'};
osw.write(ch);
//关闭前也会先刷新
osw.close();

写入一个字符串

OutputStreamWrite osw = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("osw.txt"));
String s = "abcde";
osw.write(s);
//关闭前也会先刷新
osw.close();

字符流读数据

• InputStreamReader
  • read()
  • read(char[] cbuf)

一次读一个字符

InputStreamReaderisr = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("isr.txt"));
int ch;
while((ch=isr.read())!=-1){
    System.out.println((char)ch);
}
isr.close();

一次读一个字符数组

InputStreamReaderisr = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("isr.txt"));
char[] chs = new char[1024];
int len;
while((len=isr.read(chs))!=-1){
    System.out.println(new String(chs,0,len));
}
isr.close();

复制java文件

• 一次读一个字符

InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("xxx.java"));
OutputStreamWrite osw = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("xxx2.java"));

//一次读一个字符
int ch;
while((ch=isr.read())!=-1){
    osw.write(ch);
}

osw.close();
isr.close();

• 一次读一个字符数组

InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("xxx.java"));
OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("xxx2.java"));

//一次读一个字符数组
char[] chs = new char[1024];
int len;
while((len=isr.read(chs))!=-1){
    osw.write(chs，0，len);
}

osw.close();
isr.close();

• 改进
  • FileReader
  • FileWriter

FileReader fr = new FileReader("xxx.java");
FileWriter fw = new FileWriter("xxx2.java");
int ch;
while((ch=fr.read())!=-1){
    fw.write(ch);
}
fw.close();
fr.close();

FileReader fr = new FileReader("xxx.java");
FileWriter fw = new FileWriter("xxx2.java");
char[] chs = new char[1024];
int len;
while((len=fr.read(chs))!=-1){
    fw.write(ch);
}
fw.close();
fr.close();

字符缓冲流

• BufferedReader
• BufferedWriter

字符缓冲输出流

• BufferedWriter

BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWirter("bw.txt"));
bw.write("hello");
bw.close();

字符缓冲输入流

• BufferedWriter

• 一次读一个字符

BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("bw.txt"));
int ch;
while((ch=br.read())!=-1){
    System.oyut.println((char)ch);
}
br.close();

• 一次读一个字符数组

BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("bw.txt"));

//一次读一个字符数组
char[] chs = new char[1024];
int len;
while((len=br.read(chs))!=-1){
    System.oyut.println(new String(chs,0,len));
}
br.close();

字符缓冲流复制java文件

//一次读写一个字符数据
public class CopyJavaDemo{
    public static void main(String[] args){
        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("br.java"));
        BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWirter("bw.java"));
        
        //一次读写一个字符数据
        int ch;
        while((ch=br.read())!=-1){
            bw.write(ch);
        }
        
        bw.close();
        br.close();
    }
    
}

//一次读写一个字符数组
public class CopyJavaDemo{
    public static void main(String[] args){
        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("br.java"));
        BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWirter("bw.java"));
        
        //一次读写一个字符数组
        char[] chs = new char[1024];
        int len;
        while((len=br.read(chs))!=-1){
            bw.write(ch,0,len);
        }
        
        bw.close();
        br.close();
    }
    
}

特有功能

• BufferedWriter
  • newLine()
• BufferedReader
  • readLine()

BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWirter("bw.txt"));
bw.wirte("xxxxx");
bw.newLine();
bw.wirte("xxxxx");
bw.close();

BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("br.txt"));
//读取内容不包含换行
String line = br.readLine();
System.out.println(line);
br.close();

改进java文件的读取

public class CopyJavaDemo{
    public static void main(String[] args){
        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("br.java"));
        String line;
        while((line=br.readLine())!=null){
            System.out.println(line);
        }
        
        bw.close();
        br.close();
    }
    
}

改进java文件的复制

public class CopyJavaDemo{
    public static void main(String[] args){
        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("br.java"));
        BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWirter("bw.java"));
        
        String line;
        while((line=br.readLine())!=null){
            bw.write(line);
            bw.newLine();
        }
        
        bw.close();
        br.close();
    }
    
}