java基础进阶-06-IO流_特殊流

IO流

IO流

标准输出输入流

• System
  • System.in
  • System.out

标准输入流

//键盘输入
//字节流
InputStream is = System.in;
int by;
while((by=is.read())!=-1){
    System.out.println((char)by);
}

//字节流转字符流
//InputStream is = System.in;
//InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(is);
//是字符流一次读取一行数据
//BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
System.out.println("请输入一个字符串");
String line = br.readLine();
System.out.prinln(line):
br.close();

//自己实现键盘数据太麻烦
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);

标准输出流

PrintStream ps = System.out
ps.print("hello");
ps.println("world");

打印流

• PrintStream
  • 字节打印流
• PrintWriter
  • 字符打印流

字节打印流

PrintSrtream ps = new PrintStream("xx\\ps.txt");
//写数据
//字节输出流方法
ps.write(97);
//特有方法
ps.println(97);
ps.print(98);
//释放资源
ps.close();

字符打印流

• printWriter(String fileName)
• PrintWriter(Writer out,boolean autoFlush)

PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter("xx\\pw.txt");
pw.writer("hello");
pw.writer("\r\n");
//需要刷新
pw.flush();
pw.println("hello");
pw.flush();

//自动刷新
PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(new FileWriter("xx\\pw.txt"),true);
pw.println("hello");

读写java文件

//原方法
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("br.java"));
BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("bw.java"));

String line;
while((line=br.readLine())!=null){
    bw.write(line);
    bw.newLine();
    bw.flush();
}
bw.close();
br.close();

//改进
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("br.java"));
PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(new FileWriter("pw.java"),true);

String line;
while((line=br.readLine())!=null){
    pw.println(line);
}
pw.close();
br.close();

对象序列号流

• ObjectOutputStream
  • 对象序列化流
• ObjectInputStream
  • 对象反序列化流

对象序列化流

//需要序列号的类必须实现Serializable接口
public class Student implements Serializable{
    private String name;
    private int age;
    
    public Student(){
        
    }
    
    public Student(String name,int age){
        this.age = age;
        this.name = name;
    }
    
    //set get
    
    public String toString(){
        return "Student:name="+this.name+",age="+this.age;
    }
}

ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream("oos.txt");
//创建对象
Student s = new Student("xx",30);
oos.writeObject(s);
oos.close();

对象反序列化流

ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("oos.txt"));
Object obj = ois.readObject();
Student s = (Student)obbj;
System.out.println(s);
ois.close();

serialVersionUID

• 序列化ID
  • 修改了的类会改变序列化ID
  • 显示定义可以保持序列化ID不变
    • private static final long serialVersionUID

public class Student implements Serializable{
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    private String name;
    private int age;
    
    public Student(){
        
    }
    
    public Student(String name,int age){
        this.age = age;
        this.name = name;
    }
    
    //set get
    
    public String toString(){
        return "Student:name="+this.name+",age="+this.age;
    }
}

transient

• transient
  • 修饰不需要序列化的成员变量

public class Student implements Serializable{
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    private String name;
    private transient int age;
    
    public Student(){
        
    }
    
    public Student(String name,int age){
        this.age = age;
        this.name = name;
    }
    
    //set get
    
    public String toString(){
        return "Student:name="+this.name+",age="+this.age;
    }
}

Properties

• Properties
  • Map集合类
  • 可以保存到流中或从流中加载

Properties prop = new Properies();
prop.put("name1","xx1");
prop.put("name2","xx2");
prop.put("name3","xx3");
Set<Object> keySet = prop.keySet();
for(Object key : keySet){
   Object value = prop.get(key);
   System.out.println(key+" "+value);
}

• Properties
  • setProperty(String key,String value)
  • getProperty(String key)
  • stringPropertyNames()

Properties prop = new Properies();
prop.setProperty("name1","xx1");
prop.setProperty("name2","xx2");
prop.setProperty("name3","xx3");

//System.out.println(prop.getProperty("name1"));
//System.out.println(prop.getProperty("name2"));
//System.out.println(prop.getProperty("name3"));

Set<String> names = prop.stringPropertyNames();
for(Object key : names){
   Object value = prop.getProperty(key);
   System.out.println(key+" "+value);
}

• Properties
  • IO流结合
    • load(InputStream inStream)
    • load(Reader reader)
    • store(OutputStream out,String comments)
      • comments:描述信息
    • store(Writer writer,String comments)
      • comments:描述信息

Properties prop = new Properies();
prop.setProperty("name1","xx1");
prop.setProperty("name2","xx2");
prop.setProperty("name3","xx3");
FileWriter fw = new FileWriter("fw.txt");
prop.store(fw,null);
fw.close();

Properties prop = new Properies();
FileReader fr = new FileReader("fw.txt'");
prop.load(fr);
fr.close();
System.out.println(prop);