机器学习为什么重要_什么是机器学习？ 为什么对您的业务很重要？

机器学习为什么重要

Machine learning and Artificial intelligence are the new buzz words that are being thrown around more than any other trending technology today. It is starting to reshape how we think about building products. It’s time we understood what it is and why it matters.

机器学习和人工智能是当今流行的新词汇，比其他任何趋势技术都多。 它开始改变我们对建筑产品的看法。 是时候我们了解它是什么以及它为什么重要了。

什么是机器学习？ (What is Machine Learning?)

Machine Learning: (ML) is an area of computational science that enables machines (computers) to undertake tasks without being explicitly programmed. The idea behind machine learning is that by training computers to analyze and interpret existing data from prior human interactions, machines are able to find patterns and structures in data. This then enables machines to make decisions on data with similar characteristics without human intervention. Simply put, by exposing computers to an enormous amount of data, we allow machines to learn and then find recommendations and patterns when they see similar data in the future. Machine learning is already being used in numerous applications around us including chatbots, call centers, digital ads, airline pricing, etc.

机器学习 (ML)是计算机科学的一个领域，它使机器(计算机)无需进行显式编程即可执行任务。 机器学习背后的想法是，通过训练计算机来分析和解释以前的人类交互作用中的现有数据，机器能够找到数据中的模式和结构。 然后，这使机器无需人工干预即可对具有相似特征的数据做出决策。 简而言之，通过将计算机暴露于大量数据中，我们允许机器学习，然后在以后看到相似数据时找到建议和模式。 机器学习已经在我们周围的许多应用中使用，包括聊天机器人 ，呼叫中心，数字广告，航空公司定价等。

To understand machine learning and why we need it, let’s take a step back and understand how business decisions were made before applying machine learning.

要了解机器学习以及我们为什么需要它，让我们退后一步，了解在应用机器学习之前如何制定业务决策。

基于规则的问题解决 (Rule-Based Problem Solving)

A lot of traditional programs are written using a Rule-Based approach to problem-solving. For example, if you want to determine house prices in the San Francisco area programmatically, you would determine the key characteristics of the house that affect the price. These would be attributes like, lot size, square footage, neighborhood, school quality, etc. Then you would write a program to check each of these attributes and write if-then statements to determine the price of the house. A Rule-Based approach to solve problems works fine where there is a relatively small number of rules and finite sets of outputs.

许多传统程序都是使用基于规则的方法来解决问题的。 例如，如果要以编程方式确定旧金山地区的房价，则应确定影响价格的房价的关键特征。 这些属性将是诸如地块大小，平方英尺，邻里，学校质量等属性。然后，您将编写一个程序来检查所有这些属性，并编写if-then语句以确定房屋价格。 在规则数量相对较少且输出数量有限的情况下，基于规则的解决问题的方法效果很好。

Now imagine, if you introduce a new variable or the scenarios change and original rules do not apply. Now you have to go back and change the program. If there is an exception to the rule, you would have to update the program to account for the exception. One can easily see how this can go out of control for more complicated scenarios. This is where machine learning comes in.

现在想象一下，如果您引入了一个新变量，或者场景发生了变化而原始规则不适用。 现在，您必须返回并更改程序。 如果该规则有例外，则必须更新程序以解决该例外。 人们可以很容易地看出，在更复杂的情况下，这将如何失控。 这就是机器学习的用武之地。

机器学习与基于规则的系统 (Machine Learning vs Rule-Based Systems)

Both machine learning systems as well as rule-based systems use data to make decisions. The key difference is that machine learning systems learn and adapt when they encounter new data with different characteristics without having to go back and change the system itself. So going back to the housing example, if over time, the demographics of the area change and new factors such as proximity to public transportation become important for buyers, the rules would have to be updated. However, in a machine learning system, the machine will learn this preference as new data is fed and can adapt to predict housing prices based on the new preference.

机器学习系统和基于规则的系统都使用数据进行决策。 关键区别在于，机器学习系统在遇到具有不同特征的新数据时可以进行学习和适应，而不必回头更改系统本身。 因此，以房屋为例，如果随着时间的流逝，该地区的人口统计发生变化，并且诸如邻近公共交通的新因素对购房者变得很重要，则必须对规则进行更新。 但是，在机器学习系统中，机器将在输入新数据时学习此偏好，并且可以根据新偏好来适应预测住房价格。

A few other things to clarify related to machine learning.

需要澄清的其他几件事与机器学习有关。

什么是人工智能 (What is Artificial Intelligence)

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a field that deals with teaching computers to mimic humans and human-like behavior. So its essentially adding capability to machines to think and understand like humans.

人工智能(AI)是一个致力于教学计算机模仿人类和类人行为的领域。 因此，它实质上增加了机器像人类一样思考和理解的能力。

什么是深度学习 (What is Deep Learning)

Deep Learning is a particular method within machine learning that is really really good at one task. Deep learning algorithms use a method called Neural Networks and are trained to learn with a lot more data and make decisions regarding a particular task or problem.

深度学习是机器学习中的一种特定方法，它真的非常擅长一项任务。 深度学习算法使用一种称为神经网络的方法，经过训练后可以学习大量数据，并就特定任务或问题做出决策。

机器学习的类型 (Types of Machine Learning)

There are three main ways in which machines can learn. The type of machine learning to deploy depends on the type of business problem one is trying to solve.

机器学习的主要方法有三种。 部署的机器学习的类型取决于人们试图解决的业务问题的类型。

监督学习 (Supervised Learning)

Supervised learning is a branch of machine learning where machines learn from past data that has known outputs for a set of inputs. This data where we have lots of input-output pairs are called labeled data. The idea here is that by analyzing lots and lots of labeled data, the model learns to generalize the output from labeled inputs so that when similar input data is fed to the model in the future, the machine is able to infer the output. The input fed to the machine can be one or more. In fact, the inputs can be finite or infinite. With today’s cloud computing and processing power, it is practically possible to feed 100s and 1000s of input parameters to the machine learning model and the machine is able to find patterns and develop hypotheses based on those inputs.

监督学习是机器学习的一个分支，其中机器从过去的数据中学习，这些数据具有一组输入的已知输出。 我们有很多输入输出对的数据称为标记数据。 这里的想法是，通过分析大量带标签的数据，模型学习了对带标签的输入的输出进行概括的方法，以便将来在类似的输入数据输入模型时，机器能够推断出输出。 输入到机器的输入可以是一个或多个。 实际上，输入可以是有限的或无限的。 借助当今的云计算和处理能力，实际上可以将100或1000s的输入参数输入到机器学习模型中，并且机器能够找到模式并基于这些输入得出假设。

Supervised Machine Learning can be applied to two main types of problems.

监督机器学习可以应用于两种主要类型的问题。

Regression Problems are problems where output is continuous-valued. These algorithms predict the final value of the output. Some examples include predicting the home prices based on historical data, predicting how much to price the product based on sales data, predicting stock prices, or determine digital ad bid value. All of these have a numerical value for output given a set of inputs.

回归问题是输出为连续值的问题。 这些算法可预测输出的最终值。 一些示例包括根据历史数据预测房价，根据销售数据预测对产品定价的价格，预测股票价格或确定数字广告出价。 给定一组输入，所有这些都具有用于输出的数值。

Classification Problems are a set of problems that have discrete outputs. These problems are centered around classifying an input in categories such as 0 or 1. But it does not have to be only two outputs. There can be multiple outputs such as classifying data as (0, 1, 2, 3). Some examples of classification problems are identifying an email as spam or not, predicting whether the Warriors are going to win or lose the next game, or even classifying a security threat as green, yellow, or red.

分类问题是一组具有离散输出的问题。 这些问题集中在将输入分类为0或1之类的问题上。但是，它不必只是两个输出。 可以有多个输出，例如将数据分类为(0，1，2，3)。 分类问题的一些示例是将电子邮件标识为垃圾邮件，预测勇士是否会在下一局比赛中获胜或失败，甚至将安全威胁分类为绿色，黄色或红色。

无监督学习 (Unsupervised Learning)

Unsupervised learning is a branch of machine learning where machines learn from unlabelled data and the model finds patterns and structure in the data without any help. This type of learning is usually applied to new data that has not been seen before and we have no information about how to interpret this data. The machine learning algorithms construct patterns or clusters from this data. There are two types of unsupervised learning.

无监督学习是机器学习的一个分支，其中机器从无标签的数据中学习，并且模型无需任何帮助即可在数据中找到模式和结构。 这种类型的学习通常应用于以前从未见过的新数据，并且我们没有有关如何解释此数据的信息。 机器学习算法从该数据构建模式或聚类。 有两种类型的无监督学习。

Clustering is used to organize a large set of unlabelled data into clusters organized by one or more characteristics. These clusters can be used for social network analysis, market segmentation, weather data analysis, and machine learning models to try to identify similarities between data and group similar data together.

群集用于将大量未标记的数据组织到由一个或多个特征组织的群集中。 这些集群可用于社交网络分析，市场细分，天气数据分析和机器学习模型，以尝试识别数据之间的相似性并将相似数据分组在一起。

Association determines rules that govern large chunks of data and find linkages between the data. A good example is Amazon’s popular customers who buy A also buy B feature.

关联确定控制大数据块并找到数据之间的链接的规则。 一个很好的例子是亚马逊的流行客户，他们购买A也会购买B功能。

强化学习 (Reinforcement Learning)

With reinforcement learning, the algorithm discovers through trial and error which actions yield the greatest rewards. This type of learning has three primary components: the agent (the learner or decision-maker), the environment (everything the agent interacts with), and actions (what the agent can do). The objective is for the agent to choose actions that maximize the expected reward over a given amount of time. Common applications include robotics, gaming, and navigation.

通过强化学习，该算法可以通过反复试验发现哪些动作产生了最大的回报。 这种类型的学习具有三个主要组成部分：代理(学习者或决策者)，环境(代理与之交互的所有内容)和操作(代理可以做的事情)。 代理的目标是选择在给定的时间内最大化预期回报的操作。 常见的应用程序包括机器人技术，游戏和导航。

为什么机器学习很重要？ (Why Is Machine Learning Important?)

With the advent of cloud technology, cheap storage, and connected devices, we have tons of data about user behavior and interaction with various systems. It is imperative that we use this data to make decisions about future products and improve the experiences we deliver to users. Data-driven decisions are increasingly becoming a part of the product development process already.

随着云技术，廉价存储和连接设备的出现，我们获得了大量有关用户行为以及与各种系统的交互的数据。 我们必须使用这些数据来做出有关未来产品的决策，并改善我们交付给用户的体验。 数据驱动的决策已越来越成为产品开发过程的一部分。

Machine learning takes it a step further by incorporating data into decision making and drive inferences, predictions, and outcomes based on data. Machine learning can be the key to unlocking the value of existing customer data and building products that learn from customer behavior and provide unique, personalized, and adaptive behavior that many customers today desire and expect.

机器学习通过将数据纳入决策制定并基于数据推动推理，预测和结果而迈出了进一步的一步。 机器学习可以成为释放现有客户数据价值和构建可从客户行为中学习并提供当今许多客户期望和期望的独特，个性化和自适应行为的产品的关键。

用例 (Use Cases)

Machine learning and Deep Learning technologies are currently being used in all types of industries including advertisements, healthcare, marketing, financial services, security, retail, and supply chain. There are numerous use cases in each of these verticals to incorporate machine learning into their products and decisions.

机器学习和深度学习技术目前正在各种类型的行业中使用，包括广告，医疗保健，市场营销，金融服务，安全，零售和供应链。 这些垂直领域中都有许多用例，可以将机器学习纳入其产品和决策中。

How are you using machine learning to solve a problem in your company? Please feel free to leave a comment.

您如何使用机器学习来解决公司中的问题？ 请随时发表评论。

关于作者 (About the Author)

Adhar Walia is a Product Management and Product Marketing leader who is building and scaling products at the intersection of Mobile, Artificial Intelligence/ Machine Learning, IoT, and emerging tech. He is helping companies create winning strategies, launch intelligent products, execute go-to-market strategies, and lead growth initiatives.

Adhar Walia是产品管理和产品营销的领导者，他正在移动，人工智能/机器学习，物联网和新兴技术的交汇处构建和扩展产品。 他正在帮助公司制定制胜战略，推出智能产品，执行上市战略以及领导增长计划。

With his passion for AI/ ML and expertise in Product Management and machine learning, Adhar aims to bridge the gap between business and AI/ ML.

凭借对AI / ML的热情以及在产品管理和机器学习方面的专业知识，Adhar致力于弥合业务与AI / ML之间的鸿沟。

Check out his website if you want to understand more about Adhar’s story, his thoughts on Product Management, Strategy, Leadership, and Artificial Intelligence/ Machine Learning, and see how he can help you in solving complex problems.

如果您想了解有关Adhar的故事，他对产品管理，战略，领导力和人工智能/机器学习的看法的更多信息，请查看他的网站 ，并了解他如何帮助您解决复杂的问题。

You can connect with him on LinkedIn, Medium, and Twitter.

您可以在LinkedIn ， Medium和Twitter上与他联系。

Originally Published at adharwalia.com

最初发布于 adharwalia.com

翻译自: https://medium.com/swlh/what-is-machine-learning-why-it-matters-for-your-business-4243bb018aec

机器学习为什么重要