计算机网络翻译,翻译《计算机网络》the fourth edition

In a computer network, this

coherence, model, and software are absent. Users are exposed to the

actual machines, without any attempt by the system to make the

machines look and act in a coherent way.

在计算机网络，不存在这样的连贯性、模型和软件。用户接触就是实际的机器，没有任何企图通过该系统，使机器以连贯的方式呈现和运行。

If the machines have different

hardware and different operating systems, that is fully visible to

the users. If a user wants to run a program on a remote machine, he

has to log onto that machine and

run it there.''He'' should be read as ''he or she'' throughout this

book.

如果机器有不同的硬件和不同的操作系统，这对用户来说是完全可以看到的。如果用户想要运行在远程计算机上的程序，他登录到该计算机并在远处运行它。全书“他”应为他或她。

In effect, a distributed system is

a software system built on top of a network.

实际上，分布式系统是一个建立在网络之上的软件系统。

The software gives it a high

degree of cohesiveness and transparency.

软件给了该系统高度的凝聚力和透明度。

Thus, the distinction between a

network and a distributed system lies with the software (especially

the operating system), rather than with the hardware.

因此，网络和分布式系统的区别在于软件(尤其是操作系统)，而不是硬件。

Nevertheless, there is

considerable overlap between the two subjects. For example, both

distributed systems and computer networks need to

move files around. The difference

lies in who invokes the movement, the system or the user. Although

this book primarily focuses on networks, many of the topics are

also important in distributed systems. For more information about

distributed systems, see (Tanenbaum and Van Steen,

2002).

不过，这两个科目有相当大的重叠。例如，分布式系统和计算机网络都需要移动文件。不同之处在于谁调用这种移动，系统还是用户。虽然本书主要以网络为主，其中许多问题也是很重要的分布式系统。如需有关分布式系统的信息，请参阅(Tanenbaum和范斯蒂恩，2002)。