python 抽样方法_用python解释概率抽样方法

python 抽样方法

概率和统计的PYTHON(PYTHON FOR PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS)

为什么我们需要采样？ (Why do we need Sampling?)

Sampling is used when we try to draw a conclusion without knowing the population. Population refers to the complete collection of observations we want to study, and a sample is a subset of the target population. Here’s an example. A Gallup poll¹, conducted between July 15 to 31 last year, found that 42% of Americans approve of the way Donald Trump is handling his job as president. The results were based on telephone interviews of a random sample of ~4500 calls (assuming one adult per call. ~4500 adults), aged 18 and older, living in the U.S. The poll was conducted during a period of controversy over Trump’s social media comments. For this survey, the population is ALL the U.S citizens aged 18 and older, and the sample is 4500 adults.

当我们尝试在不知道总体的情况下得出结论时，将使用抽样。 人口是指我们要研究的观测资料的完整集合，样本是目标人口的子集。 这是一个例子。 去年7月15日至31日进行的盖洛普民意调查¹发现，有42％的美国人赞成唐纳德·特朗普处理总统职位的方式。 结果基于电话采访，随机抽样了约4500个电话(假设每个电话约一个成年人。约4500个成年人)，他们居住在美国，年龄在18岁及以上。该调查是在特朗普社交媒体评论引起争议的一段时间内进行的。 在本次调查中，人口为18岁及以上的所有美国公民，样本为4500名成人。

If sampling is done wrong, it will lead to biases that affect the accuracy of your research/survey results. To avoid selection biases, we have to carefully choose a subset of a population that can be representative of the group as a whole.

如果采样做错了，将导致偏差，从而影响您的研究/调查结果的准确性。 为了避免选择偏见，我们必须仔细选择总体的一个子集 可以代表整个团体。

概率抽样的类型 (Types of Probability Sampling)

简单随机抽样(Simple Random Sampling)

Image by Author using Powerpoint

图片作者使用Powerpoint

Simple random sampling means we randomly select sample