数据分析师组织架构_如何计划和组织数据科学分析项目-CSDN博客

数据分析师组织架构

Conducting a data science/analytics project always takes time and has never been easy. A successful and comprehensive analytics project is way beyond coding. Instead, it involves sophisticated planning and a large amount of communication.

进行数据科学/分析项目总是要花时间，而且从来都不是一件容易的事。一个成功而全面的分析项目远远超出了编码范围。相反，它涉及复杂的计划和大量的沟通。

What is the Life Cycle of an Analytics Project?

分析项目的生命周期是什么？

To complete a data science/analytics project, you may have to go through five major phases starting from understanding the problem and designing the project, to collecting data, running analysis, presenting the results and doing documentations and self reflection.

要完成数据科学/分析项目，您可能必须经历五个主要阶段，从理解问题和设计项目开始，到收集数据，运行分析，呈现结果以及进行文档编制和自我反思。

I have a strong feeling that running an analytics project is pretty similar to building a house. First, the architect meets his/her client, understands their needs and comes up with an actionable blueprint (Understand and Plan).

我有一种很强烈的感觉，运行一个分析项目与盖房子非常相似。首先，架构师会见他/她的客户，了解他们的需求并提出可行的蓝图(理解和计划)。

Then it requires collecting building blocks such as cements, steels, bricks… etc. You have to learn the features of your building materials and choose the right materials for construction. Otherwise, you may end up having a house that can be collapsed easily. This is like a data collection process where you have to do some EDA or feature engineering to understand data and find the right data to solve your analytics problems, or else you may not manage to get solid or concrete results from your analysis!

然后，它需要收集建筑构件，例如水泥，钢材，砖块……等。您必须学习建筑材料的特性并选择合适的建筑材料。否则，您可能会拥有一栋容易倒塌的房屋。这就像一个数据收集过程，您必须进行一些EDA或功能工程以理解数据并找到正确的数据来解决您的分析问题，否则您可能无法从分析中获得可靠或具体的结果！

With the building materials and blueprint handy, you can start building a house (Run Analysis). After construction is finished, home Inspection and quality checks are required to ensure safety. Similarly, we need to document our analytics project regarding the methodologies, conclusions and limitations.

有了建筑材料和蓝图，您就可以开始建造房屋(运行分析)。施工结束后，需要进行房屋检查和质量检查，以确保安全。同样，我们需要记录有关方法，结论和局限性的分析项目。

Understand & Plan

了解和计划

If I’m asked the most critical phase of the whole cycle, I would say Understanding and Planning without any hesitation because the main purpose of data science and analysis is not to create a project with fancy technology, but to solve real problems. Therefore, the success of an analytics project is highly dependent on how well you understand the situation, define the problem and translate the business questions to an analytics question. From that standpoint, it’s always worth spending time thinking about the broader context of your analytics project.

如果被问到整个周期中最关键的阶段，我会毫不犹豫地说“理解和计划”，因为数据科学和分析的主要目的不是创建一个采用先进技术的项目，而是解决实际问题。因此，分析项目的成功高度取决于您对情况的了解程度，定义问题的方式以及将业务问题转换为分析问题的程度。从这个角度来看，花时间考虑分析项目的更广泛的背景总是值得的。

Ask Questions
问问题

Usually an analytics project starts from a kick-off meeting where you meet with business partners. They will provide some context and briefly talk about what they are looking for. Asking smart questions will always lead you to have a better understanding of the pain points and requirements from your business stakeholders. Here are some sample questions you can ask.

通常，分析项目是从您与业务合作伙伴见面的启动会议开始的。他们将提供一些背景信息，并简短地讨论他们要寻找的内容。提出明智的问题将始终使您对业务利益相关者的痛点和要求有更好的了解。这是您可以问的一些示例问题。

Analytics Plans
分析计划

Before diving into the analysis, let’s come up with an analytics plan and set up another follow up meeting to recap questions and reinforce expectations.

在进行分析之前，让我们提出一个分析计划，并召开另一个后续会议，以总结问题并增强期望。

It will provide a high-level overview of the plan, giving a clear picture of the next steps and draw the link between technical actions and the bigger picture from the business side. Here are some key elements in my Analytics Plans:

它将提供该计划的高层概述，清楚地说明下一步的步骤，并在技术方面与业务方面的整体图之间建立联系。以下是我的Google Analytics(分析)计划中的一些关键要素：

Don’t make data science and technology a mystery. Try to include a brief description of the methodologies with layman words, outline the use cases and scenarios, and summarize the strengths and limitations. Avoid complicated formulas or functions but focus on how that methodology can help solve the problem.

不要将数据科学和技术当作谜。尝试使用通俗易懂的词对方法进行简短描述，概述用例和场景，并总结其优势和局限性。避免使用复杂的公式或函数，而应专注于该方法学如何帮助解决问题。

It may take a few weeks to finish an analytics project, sometimes even longer. And the longer a project will take, the greater the chances of some variable throwing a spanner in the works. Therefore, before your project gets rolling, the first thing is to unpack all the steps that you have to do to get done with your project. Then estimate the desired time frame to finish those tasks and mark some milestones.

完成一个分析项目可能需要几周，有时甚至更长。项目花费的时间越长，某些变量在工作中抛出扳手的机会就越大。因此，在项目开始滚动之前，第一件事就是解压缩完成项目所必须执行的所有步骤。然后估计所需的时间范围以完成这些任务并标记一些里程碑。

Rather than just doing one final presentation, you are recommended to set up some check-in points in the middle of the project to engage with your stakeholders and get their feedback, so that you can do timely adjustment.

建议您在项目中间设置一些签入点，以与利益相关者进行互动并获取他们的反馈，而不是仅仅做最后的演讲，以便您及时进行调整。

How to Organize the Project and Track the Progress

如何组织项目并跟踪进度

Leverage Project Management Tools
利用项目管理工具

When you are working on a complicated analytics project and need to collaborate with multiple teams such as engineering, product and business etc, a simple to-do list or an excel based tracker will fall short.

当您从事复杂的分析项目并且需要与多个团队(例如工程，产品和业务等)合作时，简单的待办事项列表或基于excel的跟踪器将不够用。

However, you can leverage dedicated project management tools and software. If you go to google and simply search Project Management Tools, many tools will grab your attention, such as Asana, Trello, JIRA, Monday.com etc. I bet you will find the right tool based on the size of your team and the way you prefer to work. But, Notion wins my heart simply because it is an all-in-one workspace that blends several work apps into one. I do really hate having multiple tools for different purposes, so that you can imagine, ‘All-In-One” is the most effective marketing message to convert me.

但是，您可以利用专用的项目管理工具和软件。如果您去Google并只是搜索Project Management Tools，那么许多工具都会吸引您的注意，例如Asana，Trello，JIRA，Monday.com等。我敢打赌，您会根据团队的规模和方式找到合适的工具你更喜欢工作。但是，Notion赢得我的心仅是因为它是一个将多个工作应用程序融合为一个的多合一工作区。我真的很讨厌拥有用于不同目的的多种工具，因此您可以想象，“多合一”是转化我的最有效的营销信息。

It is a fantastic option for me to do planning, tracking, knowledge sharing and blogging in one place. Believe it or not, it also provides templates to facilitate travel planning and assist you to track the job application progress.

对我而言，在一个地方进行计划，跟踪，知识共享和博客是一个绝佳的选择。信不信由你，它还提供模板来简化旅行计划并帮助您跟踪工作申请进度。

Sprints Planning
冲刺计划

You have a powerful tool with you. It’s like your personal assistant. How to ensure the collaboration and make the wheel running? Let’s talk about sprint planning.

您将拥有一个强大的工具。就像您的私人助理一样。如何确保协作并使车轮运转？让我们谈谈冲刺计划。

For those who are not familiar with the concept of sprint, A sprint is a short, time-boxed period when a team works to complete a set amount of work.

对于那些不熟悉sprint概念的人来说，sprint是一个短的，有时间限制的时期，团队需要努力完成一定数量的工作。

Sprints make projects more manageable, allow teams to ship high-quality work faster and more frequently, and give them more flexibility to adapt to change.

Sprint使项目更易于管理，使团队可以更快，更频繁地交付高质量的工作，并为他们提供更大的灵活性以适应变化。

First and foremost thing to conduct sprint planning is to decide the sprint length. Even though there is no hard rule as to how long each sprint should be, it has to be long enough to ensure that tasks can be completed meanwhile it should be short enough so that the requirements and the goal will stay the same.

进行冲刺计划的首要任务是确定冲刺长度。即使没有关于每个冲刺应该持续多长时间的硬性规定，它也必须足够长以确保可以完成任务，同时应该足够短以使需求和目标保持不变。

In the sprint planning meeting, the whole team will align the goals in the coming sprint and plan the work that will contribute to that goal. The tasks will be itemized, prioritized, assigned to the team members and logged into the board of the coming sprint.

在sprint计划会议中，整个团队将在即将到来的sprint中调整目标，并计划有助于该目标的工作。任务将逐项列出，进行优先级排序，分配给团队成员并登录到下一个冲刺的董事会。

Daily Stand up
每日站起来

The Sprint planning is to define what goals will be achieved and what tasks will be delivered to drive the progress of your project, whereas a 5 to 10 minute daily stand up meeting will help align planning with execution. More specifically, it’s to get teams on the same page, clarify priorities and avoid some common blockers.

Sprint计划是为了定义将要实现的目标以及将交付哪些任务来推动项目的进展，而每天举行5至10分钟的站立会议将有助于使计划与执行保持一致。更具体地说，是让团队在同一页面上，明确优先级并避免一些常见的障碍。

To keep it short and quick, here are three cornerstone questions that everyone will answer:

为了简短起见，这是每个人都会回答的三个基本问题：

What did you do yesterday?
你昨天做了什么？
What will you do today?
你今天要做什么？
What blockers stand in your way?
哪些阻滞剂会阻碍您的前进？

Don’t overlook the Importance of Documentation and Reflection

不要忽视文档和反思的重要性

I have been in the data analytics/ data science area for just over six years. One thing I wish I’d known when I started my career is that the documentation and reflection is equally important as the analysis itself. As all the analytics projects you have done are potentially going into your resume as a shining project and then they will be the talking points for the interviews, summarizing and framing your analytics work once it’s done is super beneficial for you to refresh your memory, consolidate all the materials and structure stories.

我进入数据分析/数据科学领域已有六年多了。我希望在我开始职业生涯时就知道的一件事是，文档编制和反思与分析本身同等重要。由于您完成的所有分析项目都可能作为一个闪亮的项目进入您的履历表，因此它们将成为面试的重点，一旦完成，将您的分析工作总结和框架化，对于您刷新内存，巩固自己非常有好处。所有的材料和结构故事。

Document and Frame Your Analysis
记录并构架分析

You can follow the framework with Situation, Problem, Solutions and Next Steps (SPSN).

您可以通过情境，问题，解决方案和后续步骤(SPSN)遵循该框架。

First, describe the current status and pain point, then picture the problem and shout out the business impact of this project.

首先，描述当前的状态和痛点，然后描述问题并大声喊出该项目的业务影响。

The most critical part is the Solution where you outline the methodologies at a high level, and provide details regarding data and analysis step by step. Then document the results, insights and actionable recommendation generated from your analysis.

最关键的部分是解决方案，您在其中概述了方法论，并逐步提供有关数据和分析的详细信息。然后记录您的分析结果，见解和可行的建议。

Please be noted that there’s no perfect data science project. Be open-minded to talk about the caveats and the limitations of your project. It’s great to shout out questions that can be addressed by your analysis, meanwhile it’s also valuable to learn what kind of questions can’t be answered.

请注意，没有完美的数据科学项目。虚心谈论项目的注意事项和局限性。喊出您的分析可以解决的问题非常好，同时了解无法回答的问题也很有价值。

Last part is the next step. Potential next steps will be testing new methodologies to improve the accuracy, including new data sources, or Automating the whole process to make the results pop out everyday etc.

最后一部分是下一步。可能的下一步将是测试新方法以提高准确性，包括新的数据源，或者使整个过程自动化以使结果每天弹出等。

Meanwhile, don’t forget to do self reflection by creating a story grid and mapping some examples and circumstances you’ve encountered from each of your analytics project to below five categories.

同时，不要忘记通过创建故事网格并将您在每个分析项目中遇到的一些示例和情况映射到以下五个类别中来进行自我反思。