1>.NUMBER类型细讲:
Oracle number datatype 语法:NUMBER[(precision [, scale])]
简称:precision --> p
scale --> s
NUMBER(p, s)
范围: 1 <= p <=38, -84 <= s <= 127
保存数据范围:-1.0e-130 <= number value < 1.0e+126
保存在机器内部的范围: 1 ~ 22 bytes
有效为:从左边第一个不为0的数算起的位数。
s的情况:
s > 0
精确到小数点右边s位,并四舍五入。然后检验有效位是否 <= p。
s < 0
精确到小数点左边s位,并四舍五入。然后检验有效位是否 <= p + |s|。
s = 0
此时NUMBER表示整数。
eg:
Actual Data Specified As Stored As
----------------------------------------
123.89 NUMBER 123.89
123.89 NUMBER(3) 124
123.89 NUMBER(6,2) 123.89
123.89 NUMBER(6,1) 123.9
123.89 NUMBER(4,2) exceeds precision (有效位为5, 5 > 4)
123.89 NUMBER(6,-2) 100
.01234 NUMBER(4,5) .01234 (有效位为4)
.00012 NUMBER(4,5) .00012
.000127 NUMBER(4,5) .00013
.0000012 NUMBER(2,7) .0000012
.00000123 NUMBER(2,7) .0000012
1.2e-4 NUMBER(2,5) 0.00012
1.2e-5 NUMBER(2,5) 0.00001
123.2564 NUMBER 123.2564
1234.9876 NUMBER(6,2) 1234.99
12345.12345 NUMBER(6,2) Error (有效位为5+2 > 6)
1234.9876 NUMBER(6) 1235 (s没有表示s=0)
12345.345 NUMBER(5,-2) 12300
1234567 NUMBER(5,-2) 1234600
12345678 NUMBER(5,-2) Error (有效位为8 > 7)
123456789 NUMBER(5,-4) 123460000
1234567890 NUMBER(5,-4) Error (有效位为10 > 9)
12345.58 NUMBER(*, 1) 12345.6
0.1 NUMBER(4,5) Error (0.10000, 有效位为5 > 4)
0.01234567 NUMBER(4,5) 0.01235
0.09999 NUMBER(4,5) 0.09999
2>.NUMBER在Oracle中如何存放?
先来做一个有趣的实验(可以将这两条语句放到文件中运行):
建表numbers:
createtableNUMBERS
(
number1number(1),
negnumber1number(1),
number2number(2),
negnumber2number(2),
number3number(3),
negnumber3number(3),
number4number(4),
negnumber4number(4),
number5number(5),
negnumber5number(5),
number6number(6),
negnumber6number(6),
number7number(7),
negnumber7number(7),
number8number(8),
negnumber8number(8),
number9number(9),
negnumber9number(9),
number10number(10),
negnumber10number(10),
number11number(11),
negnumber11number(11),
number12number(12),
negnumber12number(12),
number13number(13),
negnumber13number(13),
number14number(14),
negnumber14number(14),
number15number(15),
negnumber15number(15),
number16number(16),
negnumber16number(16),
number17number(17),
negnumber17number(17),
number18number(18),
negnumber18number(18),
number19number(19),
negnumber19number(19),
number20number(20),
negnumber20number(20),
number21number(21),
negnumber21number(21),
number22number(22),
negnumber22number(22),
number23number(23),
negnumber23number(23),
number24number(24),
negnumber24number(24),
number25number(25),
negnumber25number(25),
number26number(26),
negnumber26number(26),
number27number(27),
negnumber27number(27),
number28number(28),
negnumber28number(28),
number29number(29),
negnumber29number(29),
number30number(30),
negnumber30number(30),
number31number(31),
negnumber31number(31),
umber32number(32),
negnumber32number(32),
number33number(33),
negnumber33number(33),
number34number(34),
negnumber34number(34),
number35number(35),
negnumber35number(35),
number36number(36),
negnumber36number(36),
number37number(37),
negnumber37number(37),
number38number(38),
negnumber38number(38)
);
插入一条数据:
insertintonumbersvalues(
9,-9,
99,-99,
999,-999,
9999,-9999,
99999,-99999,
999999,-999999,
9999999,-9999999,
99999999,-99999999,
999999999,-999999999,
9999999999,-9999999999,
99999999999,-99999999999,
999999999999,-999999999999,
9999999999999,-9999999999999,
99999999999999,-99999999999999,
999999999999999,-999999999999999,
9999999999999999,-9999999999999999,
99999999999999999,-99999999999999999,
999999999999999999,-999999999999999999,
9999999999999999999,-9999999999999999999,
99999999999999999999,-99999999999999999999,
999999999999999999999,-999999999999999999999,
9999999999999999999999,-9999999999999999999999,
99999999999999999999999,-99999999999999999999999,
999999999999999999999999,-999999999999999999999999,
9999999999999999999999999,-9999999999999999999999999,
99999999999999999999999999,-99999999999999999999999999,
999999999999999999999999999,-999999999999999999999999999,
9999999999999999999999999999,-9999999999999999999999999999,
99999999999999999999999999999,-99999999999999999999999999999,
999999999999999999999999999999,-999999999999999999999999999999,
9999999999999999999999999999999,-9999999999999999999999999999999,
99999999999999999999999999999999,-99999999999999999999999999999999,
999999999999999999999999999999999,-999999999999999999999999999999999,
9999999999999999999999999999999999,-9999999999999999999999999999999999,
99999999999999999999999999999999999,-99999999999999999999999999999999999,
999999999999999999999999999999999999,-999999999999999999999999999999999999,
9999999999999999999999999999999999999,-9999999999999999999999999999999999999,
99999999999999999999999999999999999999,-99999999999999999999999999999999999999);
现在来分析结果:
vsize函数为计算该字段在Oracle中存放占多少字节。
SQL>selectlength(number1),vsize(number1),length(negnumber1),vsize(negnumber1)fromnumbers;
LENGTH(NUMBER1)VSIZE(NUMBER1)LENGTH(NEGNUMBER1)VSIZE(NEGNUMBER1)--------------- -------------- ------------------ -----------------
1 2 2 3
SQL>selectlength(number38),vsize(number38),length(negnumber38),vsize(negnumber38)fromnumbers;
LENGTH(NUMBER38)VSIZE(NUMBER38)LENGTH(NEGNUMBER38)VSIZE(NEGNUMBER38)---------------- --------------- ------------------- ------------------
38 20 39 21
可以得出负数在Oracle中存放要比正数多占用一个字节的。
3>.NUMBER在Oracle中存储?
我们可以通过DUMP函数来转换数字的存储形式,一个简单的输出类似如下格式:
SQL> select dump(1) from dual;DUMP(1)
------------------
Typ=2 Len=2: 193,2
DUMP函数的输出格式类似:
类型 ,符号/指数位 [数字1,数字2,数字3,......,数字20]
各位的含义如下:
1.类型: Number型,Type=2 (类型代码可以从Oracle的文档上查到)
2.长度:指存储的字节数
3.符号/指数位
在存储上,Oracle对正数和负数分别进行存储转换:
正数:加1存储(为了避免Null)
负数:被101减,如果总长度小于21个字节,最后加一个102(是为了排序的需要)
指数位换算:
正数:指数=符号/指数位 - 193 (最高位为1是代表正数)
负数:指数=62 - 第一字节
4.从开始是有效的数据位
从开始是最高有效位,所存储的数值计算方法为:
将下面计算的结果加起来:
每个乘以100^(指数-N) (N是有效位数的顺序位,第一个有效位的N=0)
5. 举例说明
SQL> select dump(123456.789) from dual;DUMP(123456.789)
-------------------------------
Typ=2 Len=6: 195,13,35,57,79,91
: 195 - 193 = 2
13 - 1 = 12 *100^(2-0) 120000
35 - 1 = 34 *100^(2-1) 3400
57 - 1 = 56 *100^(2-2) 56
79 - 1 = 78 *100^(2-3) .78
91 - 1 = 90 *100^(2-4) .009
123456.789
SQL> select dump(-123456.789) from dual;DUMP(-123456.789)
----------------------------------
Typ=2 Len=7: 60,89,67,45,23,11,102
62 - 60 = 2(最高位是0,代表为负数)
101 - 89 = 12 *100^(2-0) 120000
101 - 67 = 34 *100^(2-1) 3400
101 - 45 = 56 *100^(2-2) 56
101 - 23 = 78 *100^(2-3) .78
101 - 11 = 90 *100^(2-4) .009
123456.789(-)
现在再考虑一下为什么在最后加102是为了排序的需要,-123456.789在数据库中实际存储为
60,89,67,45,23,11
而-123456.78901在数据库中实际存储为
60,89,67,45,23,11,91
可见,如果不在最后加上102,在排序时会出现-123456.789
对于2119号提问,第一个问题是:
1.请问为什么193,2各代表什么意思?
从上面就可以看到答案了.
2.还有NUMBER数字类型为什么有2个字节的长度呢?
对于这个问题,我想我们应该知道,所有数据类型最终在计算机里都以二进制存储,实际上所谓的数据类型都是我们定义的.所以存储只由算法决定.
所以这个问题是不成立的.比如:
SQL> select dump(110) from dual;DUMP(110)
---------------------
Typ=2 Len=3: 194,2,11SQL> select dump(1100) from dual;DUMP(1100)
-------------------
Typ=2 Len=2: 194,12
我们会看到,虽然1100>110,但是存储上1100却只占2字节,而110却占了3个字节.