c++语言字符串的使用,c++中string的用法

```

#include

#include"string"

#include"algorithm"

using namespace std;

//string的赋值

void f1()

{

string s1 ="shihao";        //string是一个类

string s2 ("bbbbbb");

string s3 = s1;

string s4(10, 'a');    //等价于string s4 ="aaaaaaaaaa";

cout << s1 << endl;

cout << s2 << endl;

cout << s3 << endl;

cout << s4 << endl;

}

//string的遍历

void f2()

{

string s1 = "abcdefg";

//1:数组方式

for(int i = 0;  i < s1.length(); i++)

{

cout << s1[i] << " ";

}

cout << endl;

//2:迭代器

for(string::iterator it = s1.begin(); it != s1.end(); it++)

{

cout << *it << " ";

}

cout << endl;

//3  异常处理

try

{

for(int i = 0; i < s1.length() + 3; i++)

{

cout << s1.at(i) << " ";  //当出现错误时， 会向外抛出异常

}

}

catch(...)

{

cout << "发生异常" << endl;

}

try

{

for(int i = 0;  i < s1.length() + 3; i++)  //出现错误, 不向外抛出异常

{

cout << s1[i] << " ";

}

}

catch(...)

{

cout << "发生异常" << endl;

}

}

//字符指针和sting的转换

void f4()

{

//1:

string s1 = "aaabbb";

cout << s1.c_str() << endl;

//2:

char buf[128] = {0};

s1.copy(buf, 3, 1);    //拷贝3个字符，从1个字符开始(位置下标从0开始)    //注：不会自动加上字符串结束标志

cout << "buf: " << buf << endl;

}

//字符串的连接

void f5()

{

//1:

string s1 = "aaa";

string s2 = "bbb";

s1 = s1 + s2;

cout << "s1: " << s1 << endl;

//2:

string s3 = "333";

string s4 = "444";

s3.append(s4);

cout << "s3: " << s3 << endl;

}

//字符串的查找和替换

void f6()

{

string s1 = "wbm hello wbm 111 wbm 222 wbm 333";

//查找 从查找位置开始第一个出现的下标

int index = s1.find("wbm", 1);  //位置下标从0开始

cout <

//查找每一次wbm出现的下标

int offindex = s1.find("wbm", 0);

while (offindex != string::npos)  //不等于-1

{

cout << "offindex: " << offindex << endl;

offindex++;

offindex = s1.find("wbm", offindex);

}

//把所有的wbm换成大写

offindex = s1.find("wbm", 0);

while (offindex != string::npos)  //不等于-1

{

s1.replace(offindex, 3, "WBM");

offindex++;

offindex = s1.find("wbm", offindex);

}

cout << endl << "s1替换后的结果为： " << s1 << endl;

//把aaa替换成大写

string s2 = "aaa bbb ccc";

s2.replace(0, 3, "AAA");    //从第0个位置开始替换3个

cout << endl << "s2: " << s2 << endl;

}

//区间删除和插入

void f7()

{

string s1 = "hello1 hello2 hello1";

string::iterator it = find(s1.begin(), s1.end(), 'l');

if (it != s1.end())

{

s1.erase(it);  //删除

}

cout << "s1删除l以后的结果为：" << s1 << endl;

s1.erase(s1.begin(), s1.end());

cout << "s1全部删除：" << s1 << endl;

cout << "s1的长度为: " << s1.length() << endl;

//插入

string s2 = "BBB";

s2.insert(0, "AAA");

cout << "s2: " << s2 << endl;

}

//大小写转换

void f8()

{

string s1 = "AAAbbb";

transform(s1.begin(), s1.end(), s1.begin(), ::tolower);      //transform(first,last,result,op);

cout << "s1全部转化为小写为: " << s1 << endl;

transform(s1.begin(), s1.end(), s1.begin(), ::toupper);      //transform(first,last,result,op);

cout << "s1全部转化为大写为: " << s1 << endl;

}

int main()

{

f8();

return 0;

}

```

2019年5月30日整理 [EDGXEEIXHEXKE]