java nio 字符串_Java NIO字符集

java.nio.charset.Charset包使用的是在JDK 1.4中引入了字符集的概念。它在给定的字符集和UNICODE之间的编码和解码中起着重要的作用。

字符集的名称必须遵循某些规则。它必须以数字或字母开头。Charset类方法在多线程环境中也是安全的。

标准字符集

Java支持的字符集列表如下:

UTF-8:8位UCS转换格式。

US-ASCII:7位ASCII字符。

UTF-16LE:16位UCS转换,小字节顺序。

ISO-8859-1:ISO拉丁字母

UTF-16:16位UCS转换格式。

UTF-16BE:大字节顺序的16位UCS变换格式

Charset.displayName() - 在Java NIO中用于返回规范名称的字符集。

Charset.encode() - 在Java NIO中用于将UNICODE字符集的charbuffer编码为给定字符集的CharBuffer。

Charset.decode() - 在Java NIO中用于将给定字符集的字符串解码为Unicode字符集的CharBuffer。

基本字符串示例

package com.yiibai;

import java.nio.ByteBuffer;

import java.nio.CharBuffer;

import java.nio.charset.Charset;

public class CharsetExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Charset cs = Charset.forName("UTF-8");

System.out.println(cs.displayName());

System.out.println(cs.canEncode());

String st = "Welcome to yiibai.com, it is Charset test Example.";

// The conversion of byte buffer from given charset to char buffer in

// unicode

ByteBuffer bytebuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(st.getBytes());

CharBuffer charbuffer = cs.decode(bytebuffer);

// The converesion of char buffer from unicode to byte buffer in given

// charset

ByteBuffer newbytebuffer = cs.encode(charbuffer);

while (newbytebuffer.hasRemaining()) {

char ca = (char) newbytebuffer.get();

System.out.print(ca);

}

newbytebuffer.clear();

}

}

执行上面示例代码,得到以下结果 -

UTF-8

true

Welcome to yiibai.com, it is Charset test Example.

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纠错/补充

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package com.ui.server; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import javax.swing.*; public class ServerBootFrame extends JFrame { /** * */ private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; JPanel jp = new JPanel(new BorderLayout()); JPanel jp1 = new JPanel(new FlowLayout()); JScrollPane jsp1 = new JScrollPane(); JButton jbStart = new JButton("启动"); JButton jbEnd = new JButton("关闭"); JTextArea jtaState = new JTextArea(10, 25); Font font = new Font("Serif", Font.BOLD, 18); Color fore = Color.YELLOW; Color back = new Color(81, 217, 251); public ServerBootFrame(String title) { super(title); this.getContentPane().add(jp); jp.add(jsp1, "Center"); jsp1.getViewport().add(jtaState); jp.add(jp1, "South"); jp1.add(jbStart); jp1.add(jbEnd); jtaState.setFont(font); jtaState.setForeground(fore); jtaState.setBackground(back); jp1.setBackground(back); this.setResizable(false); this.setLocation(250, 250); } public void showFrame() { this.pack(); this.setVisible(true); } public void bootingServer(final BootEndInterface bt) { this.jbStart.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { bt.boot(); } }); } public void endingServer(final BootEndInterface ed) { this.jbEnd.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { ed.end(); } }); } public void closeWindow(final BootEndInterface ed) { this.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() { public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e1) { ed.end(); } }); } public void appendStringTojtaState(String str) { jtaState.append(str); } } package com.ui.client; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import javax.swing.*; import javax.swing.event.*; import java.sql.*; public class LoginFrame extends JFrame { JLabel jUserName=new JLabel("用户姓名:"); JLabel jUserPsd=new JLabel("用户密码:"); JTextField txtUserName=new JTextField("",10); JPasswordField txtUserPsd=new JPasswordField(10); JButton okButton=new JButton("确定"); JButton regButton=new JButton("注册"); JPanel jp=new JPanel(new GridLayout(2,1)); JPanel jp1=new JPanel(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.CENTER)); JPanel jp2=new JPanel(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT)); JPanel jp3=new JPanel(new FlowLayout()); Font f=new Font("Serif",Font.BOLD,15); public LoginFrame() { super("用户登陆界面"); this.setLocation(250,250); this.getContentPane().add(jp,"Center"); this.getContentPane().add(jp3,"South"); jp.add(jp1);jp.add(jp2); jp1.add(jUserName);jp1.add(txtUserName); jp2.add(jUserPsd);jp2.add(txtUserPsd); jp3.add(okButton);jp3.add(regButton); txtUserName.setFont(f); txtUserPsd.setFont(f); txtUserPsd.setEchoChar('x'); txtUserName.setToolTipText("请输入用户名"); txtUserPsd.setToolTipText("请输入用户密码"); okButton.addActionListener(new SolveButtonEvent(1)); regButton.addActionListener(new SolveButtonEvent(2)); this.setResizable(false); this.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } public void showWindow() { this.pack(); this.setVisible(true); } public void closeWindow() { this.dispose(); } public String getUserName() { return this.txtUserName.getText().trim(); } public String getUserPassword() { return new String(this.txtUserPsd.getPassword()); } class SolveButtonEvent implements ActionListener { int select=0; public SolveButtonEvent(int select) { this.select=select; } public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { //int x=(int) LoginFrame.this.txtUserName.getLocationOnScreen().getX(); //int y=(int) LoginFrame.this.txtUserName.getLocationOnScreen().getY(); String userName=LoginFrame.this.getUserName(); String userPsd=LoginFrame.this.getUserPassword(); int nameLength=userName.length(); int psdLength=userPsd.length(); if(select==1) { if(nameLength>0 && psdLength>0 ) { if(LoginFrame.this.query(userName,userPsd)==true) { LoginFrame.this.closeWindow(); //new Client(); } else { MyDialog md=new MyDialog(LoginFrame.this,"提示窗口","错误!","用户名或密码错误.\n登陆失败"); md.showDialog(); } } else { if(nameLength==0) { MyDialog md=new MyDialog(LoginFrame.this,"提示窗口","提示","用户名不能为空"); md.showDialog(); } else if(psdLength==0) { MyDialog md=new MyDialog(LoginFrame.this,"提示窗口","提示","用户密码不能为空"); md.showDialog(); } } } else if(select==2) { RegisterFrame rf=new RegisterFrame(LoginFrame.this); rf.showWindow(); } } } public boolean query(String userName,String userPsd) { Connection conn=null; PreparedStatement psm=null; ResultSet rs=null; String sql="select * from user_manager where name=? and psd=?"; boolean result=false; try { Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver"); conn=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xdf","scott","tiger"); psm=conn.prepareStatement(sql); psm.setString(1,userName); psm.setString(2,userPsd); rs=psm.executeQuery(); //rs结果集指向第一条记录的前一个位置 //如果第一条记录为空表示用户名或密码错误 if(rs.next()==true) { result=true; this.closeWindow(); } psm.close(); conn.close(); } catch(ClassNotFoundException e1){ e1.printStackTrace(); } catch(SQLException e2){ e2.printStackTrace(); } catch(Exception e3){ e3.printStackTrace(); } return result; } } package com.nio.client; import java.io.IOException; import java.net.InetSocketAddress; import java.nio.ByteBuffer; import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey; import java.nio.channels.Selector; import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel; import java.util.Iterator; import com.nio.user.ClientUser; import com.nio.user.ClientUserManager; import com.nio.user.UserData; public class NIOClient { private ClientUserManager cltManager = null; //通道管理器 private Selector selector; /** * 获得一个Socket通道,并对该通道做一些初始化的工作 * @param ip 连接的服务器的ip * @param port 连接的服务器的端口号 * @throws IOException */ public void initClient(String ip,int port) throws IOException { cltManager = ClientUserManager.instance(); // 获得一个Socket通道 SocketChannel channel = SocketChannel.open(); // 设置通道为非阻塞 channel.configureBlocking(false); // 获得一个通道管理器 this.selector = Selector.open(); // 客户端连接服务器,其实方法执行并没有实现连接,需要在listen()方法中调 //用channel.finishConnect();才能完成连接 channel.connect(new InetSocketAddress(ip,port)); //将通道管理器和该通道绑定,并为该通道注册SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT事件。 channel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT); } /** * 采用轮询的方式监听selector上是否有需要处理的事件,如果有,则进行处理 * @throws IOException * @throws InterruptedException */ @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public void listen() throws IOException, InterruptedException { // 轮询访问selector while (true) { // 选择一组可以进行I/O操作的事件,放在selector中,客户端的该方法不会阻塞, //这里和服务端的方法不一样,查看api注释可以知道,当至少一个通道被选中时, //selector的wakeup方法被调用,方法返回,而对于客户端来说,通道一直是被选中的 selector.select(); // 获得selector中选中的项的迭代器 Iterator ite = this.selector.selectedKeys().iterator(); while (ite.hasNext()) { SelectionKey key = (SelectionKey) ite.next(); // 连接事件发生 if (key.isConnectable()) { SocketChannel channel = (SocketChannel) key .channel(); System.out.println("channel client ?" + channel); // 如果正在连接,则完成连接 if(channel.isConnectionPending()){ channel.finishConnect(); } //设置成非阻塞 channel.configureBlocking(false); //在这里可以给服务端发送信息哦 //channel.write(ByteBuffer.wrap(new String("向服务端发送了一条信息").getBytes())); //在和服务端连接成功之后,为了可以接收到服务端的信息,需要给通道设置读的权限。 channel.register(this.selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ); //添加用户 UserData userData = new UserData(); userData.lineState = 1; userData.channel = channel; cltManager.addUser(userData); //连接成功发送一个通知消息 UIClient.sendUserInfoMsg(); } else if (key.isReadable()) { ClientUser cltUser = cltManager.getUser((SocketChannel)key.channel()); if (!cltUser.read()) { key.channel().close(); } } //删除已选的key,以防重复处理 ite.remove(); } } } } package com.nio.server; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; import java.net.InetSocketAddress; import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey; import java.nio.channels.Selector; import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel; import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.Vector; import com.nio.user.ServerUser; import com.nio.user.ServerUserManager; import com.nio.user.UserData; import com.ui.server.BootEndInterface; import com.ui.server.ServerBootFrame; public class NIOServer implements BootEndInterface { private ServerBootFrame serverFrame = new ServerBootFrame("服务器端"); private ServerUserManager userManager = null; HashMap<String, String> hmClient = new HashMap<String, String>(); Vector<String> client = new Vector<String>(); int count = 0; private static NIOServer nioServer = null; public NIOServer() { serverFrame.showFrame(); serverFrame.bootingServer(this); serverFrame.endingServer(this); serverFrame.closeWindow(this); nioServer = this; } // 通道管理器 private Selector selector; /** * 获得一个ServerSocket通道,并对该通道做一些初始化的工作 * * @param port * 绑定的端口号 * @throws IOException */ public void initServer(int port) throws IOException { serverFrame.appendStringTojtaState("服务器(NIO机制)启动中......\n"); // 获得一个ServerSocket通道 ServerSocketChannel serverChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open(); // 设置通道为非阻塞 serverChannel.configureBlocking(false); // 将该通道对应的ServerSocket绑定到port端口 serverChannel.socket().bind(new InetSocketAddress(port)); // 获得一个通道管理器 this.selector = Selector.open(); // 将通道管理器和该通道绑定,并为该通道注册SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT事件,注册该事件后, // 当该事件到达时,selector.select()会返回,如果该事件没到达selector.select()会一直阻塞。 serverChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT); //System.out.println("serverChannel 0?" + serverChannel); } /** * 采用轮询的方式监听selector上是否有需要处理的事件,如果有,则进行处理 * * @throws IOException */ @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public void listen() throws IOException { // System.out.println("服务端启动成功!"); serverFrame.appendStringTojtaState("服务器(NIO机制)启动成功......\n"); // 轮询访问selector while (true) { // 当注册的事件到达时,方法返回;否则,该方法会一直阻塞 selector.select(); // 获得selector中选中的项的迭代器,选中的项为注册的事件 Iterator<?> ite = this.selector.selectedKeys().iterator(); while (ite.hasNext()) { SelectionKey key = (SelectionKey) ite.next(); // 客户端请求连接事件 if (key.isAcceptable()) { ServerSocketChannel server = (ServerSocketChannel) key .channel(); // 获得和客户端连接的通道 SocketChannel channel = server.accept(); System.out.println("channel A?" + channel); // 设置成非阻塞 channel.configureBlocking(false); // 在这里可以给客户端发送信息哦 // channel.write(ByteBuffer.wrap(new // String("向客户端发送了一条信息").getBytes())); // 在和客户端连接成功之后,为了可以接收到客户端的信息,需要给通道设置读的权限。 channel.register(this.selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ); // 添加一个玩家对象 UserData userData = new UserData(); userData.lineState = 1; userData.channel = channel; userManager.addUser(userData); } else if (key.isReadable()) { ServerUser serverUser = userManager .getUser((SocketChannel) key.channel()); // 读取数据失败 if (!serverUser.read()) { serverUser.clean(); key.channel().close(); } } // 删除已选的key,以防重复处理 ite.remove(); } } } /** * 启动服务端测试 * * @throws IOException */ public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { new NIOServer(); } @Override public void boot() { userManager = ServerUserManager.instance(); userManager.initUsers(); serverFrame.appendStringTojtaState("创建玩家内存数据对象成功...\n"); new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { try { NIOServer.this.initServer(5555); NIOServer.this.listen(); } catch (Exception e) { serverFrame.appendStringTojtaState("服务器启动失败......\n"); } } }).start(); //服务端主逻辑处理 new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { try { while (true) { Thread.sleep(1); userManager.run(); } } catch (InterruptedException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } }).start(); } @Override public void end() { if (selector != null) { try { selector.close(); selector = null; } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } System.exit(0); } public void solveMsg(String message) { try { System.out.println(message); // 对消息进行分析 String msg[] = message.split("#"); if (msg[0].equals("AddUser") == true) { hmClient.put(msg[1], msg[2]); sendUsersToOneUser(msg[1]); if (likeThisName(msg[1]))// 如果出现同名用户,则在用户名后面添加数字来区分 { msg[1] = msg[1] + count; } client.add(msg[1]); serverFrame.appendStringTojtaState(msg[1] + "上线...\n"); sendMessageToAllUsers( "AddUser" + "#" + msg[1] + "#" + hmClient.get(msg[1]), msg[1]); } else if (msg[0].equals("UserQuit") == true) { sendMessageToAllUsers("UserQuit" + "#" + msg[1] + "#" + hmClient.get(msg[1]), msg[1]); serverFrame.appendStringTojtaState(msg[1] + "离线...\n"); deleteKeyValue(msg[1]); client.remove(msg[1]); // 应该删除vecUser容器中的对应的Socket对象 } else if (msg[0].equals("Message") == true) { // 如果将消息发送给特定用户 if (msg[1].equals("One") == true) { sendMessageToOneUser("Message" + "#" + msg[2] + "#" + msg[6], msg[4]); } else// 将消息发送给全部用户 { sendMessageToAllUsers("Message" + "#" + msg[2] + "#" + msg[4], msg[2]); } } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public void sendMessageToAllUsers(String msg, String notSendToThisUserName) throws UnsupportedEncodingException { ServerUser lstUsers[] = userManager.getUsers(); for (int i = 0; i < lstUsers.length; i++) { if (lstUsers[i].channel != null) { String address = lockOut("" + lstUsers[i].channel.socket().getRemoteSocketAddress()); if ( !address.equals(hmClient.get(notSendToThisUserName)) ) { lstUsers[i].write(msg.getBytes("utf-8")); } } } } public void sendMessageToOneUser(String msg, String sendToThisUserName) throws UnsupportedEncodingException { ServerUser lstUsers[] = userManager.getUsers(); for (int i = 0; i < lstUsers.length; i++) { if (lstUsers[i].channel != null) { String address = lockOut("" + lstUsers[i].channel.socket().getRemoteSocketAddress()); if ( address.equals(hmClient.get(sendToThisUserName)) ) { lstUsers[i].write(msg.getBytes("utf-8")); break; } } } } // 方法完成将在线用户添给用户的下拉表中 public void sendUsersToOneUser(String newUserName) throws UnsupportedEncodingException { Iterator<String> it = client.listIterator(); for (; it.hasNext();) { String name = it.next(); String ipAndPort = hmClient.get(name); sendMessageToOneUser("OnlyAddUser" + "#" + name + "#" + ipAndPort, newUserName); } } // 将键值对添加到hmClient哈希表中 public void createKeyValue(String userName, String socketAddress) { hmClient.put(userName, socketAddress); } // 从哈希表中删除指定键值对(键为:userName); public void deleteKeyValue(String userName) { hmClient.remove(userName); } // 将字符串前面的斜杠去掉 public String lockOut(String socketAddress) { return socketAddress.substring(1, socketAddress.length()); } // 如果client容器中存放的用户名出现相似用户,则用户名后面添加一个数字 public boolean likeThisName(String thisName) { count = 0; for (Iterator it = client.listIterator(); it.hasNext();) { String temp = (String) it.next(); if (temp.startsWith(thisName) == true) { count++; } } if (count > 0) return true; else return false; } public static void handleMessage(String msg) { // System.out.println("服务端收到信息:" + msg); nioServer.solveMsg(msg); } }

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