总结
1、默认情况下ibdata存放InnoDB表(InnoDB数据字典)元数据、undo logs、the change buffer, and the doublewrite buffer
2、如果innodb_file_per_table=off,则ibdata也存放InnoDB表的实际数据,也就是InnoDB表建立后,不会再有单独的tablename.ibd文件
3、虽然InnoDB表元数据通过information_schema.tables来读取,但是实际上information_schema是一个虚拟数据库,并不物理存在,这些数据真正存放的地方就是ibdata
备注:元数据(meta data)--"data about data" 关于数据的数据,一般是结构化数据(如存储在数据库里的数据,规定了字段的长度、类型等)
ibdata file
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/glossary.html#glos_ibdata_file
A set of files with names such as ibdata1, ibdata2, and so on, that make up the InnoDB system tablespace. These files contain metadata about InnoDB tables, (the InnoDB data dictionary), and the storage areas for one or more undo logs, the change buffer, and the doublewrite buffer. They also can contain some or all of the table data also (depending on whether the file-per