将自己开发的内核代码加入到Linux内核中，需要3个步骤：
1、确定把自己开发代码放入到内核合适的位置
将demo_chardev.c文件拷贝到.../drivers/char/目录下。
demo_chardev.c
#include
#include
#include
/*结构体file_operations定义的头文件*/
#include
/*声明copy_to/from_user函数的头文件*/
#include
/*声明class_create 和device_create相关信息*/
#include
#define DEMO_DEBUG
#ifdef DEMO_DEBUG
#define dem_dbg(fmt, arg...) printk(KERN_WARNING fmt, ##arg)
#else
#define dem_dbg(fmt, arg...) printk(KERN_DEBUG fmt, ##arg)
#endif
#define DEVICE_COUNT 2
/*记录当前驱动所占用的主设备号*/
static int major = 0;
static int demo_open (struct inode *pnode, struct file *filp)
{
dem_dbg("[kern func]: %s major: %d minor: %d\n",
__FUNCTION__, imajor(pnode), iminor(pnode));
return 0;
}
static ssize_t demo_read (struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t *offp)
{
unsigned char ary[100] = "you are reading successfully!";
unsigned long len = min(count, sizeof(ary)); //min是个宏，用来获取两个数中较小的值
int retval;
dem_dbg("[kern func]: %s major: %d minor: %d\n",
__FUNCTION__, imajor(filp->f_dentry->d_inode),
iminor(filp->f_dentry->d_inode));
//file结构体的f_flags成员可用来判断是否阻塞读取，然后进行相应处理
if(copy_to_user(buf, ary, len) != 0){
retval = -EFAULT;
goto cp_err;
}
return len; //成功返回实际传输的字节数
cp_err:
return retval;
}
static ssize_t demo_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t *offp)
{
unsigned char ary[100] = "";
unsigned long len = min(count, sizeof(ary)); //min是个宏，用来获取两个数中较小的值
int retval;
dem_dbg("[kern func]: %s major: %d minor: %d\n",
__FUNCTION__, imajor(filp->f_dentry->d_inode),
iminor(filp->f_dentry->d_inode));
if(copy_from_user(ary, buf, len) != 0){
retval = -EFAULT;
goto cp_err;
}
printk("[msg]: writing context: %s\n",ary);
return len; //成功返回实际传输的字节数
cp_err:
return retval;
}
static int demo_release (struct inode *pnode, struct file *filp)
{
dem_dbg("[kern func]: %s major: %d minor: %d\n",
__FUNCTION__, imajor(pnode), iminor(pnode));
return 0;
}
/*@定义file_operations结构体变量*/
static struct file_operations fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.read = demo_read,
.write = demo_write,
.open = demo_open,
.release = demo_release,
};
static struct class *demo_class;
static int __init drvdemo_init(void)
{
struct device *demo_device;
int i;
int retval;
dem_dbg("[msg]:this is a driver demo, in module initial function\n");
/*注册字符驱动函数，成功 返回动态分配好的主设备号，失败
*返回错误码(负值)*/
major = register_chrdev(0, "demo_chrdev", &fops);
if(major < 0){
retval = major;
goto chrdev_err;
}
/*创建设备类*/
demo_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE,"demo_class");
if(IS_ERR(demo_class)){
retval = PTR_ERR(demo_class);
goto class_err;
}
/*创建设备文件，通知用户在“/dev/”目录下创件名字为demoX的设备文件*/
for(i=0; i
demo_device = device_create(demo_class,NULL, MKDEV(major, i), NULL,"demo%d",i);
if(IS_ERR(demo_device)){
retval = PTR_ERR(demo_device);
goto device_err;
}
}
return 0;
device_err:
while(i--) //设备节点创建的回滚操作 device_destroy(demo_class,MKDEV(major, i));
class_destroy(demo_class); //删除设备类
class_err:
unregister_chrdev(major, "demo_chrdev");
chrdev_err:
return retval;
}
static void __exit drvdemo_exit(void)
{
int i;
dem_dbg("[msg]:in module exit function\n");
/*注销字符驱动函数，无返回值，major为已分配的主设备号*/
unregister_chrdev(major, "demo_chrdev");
/*删除设备节点和设备类*/
for(i=0; i
device_destroy(demo_class,MKDEV(major, i));
class_destroy(demo_class);
}
module_init(drvdemo_init);
module_exit(drvdemo_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL"); //BSD/GPL双重许可证
MODULE_AUTHOR("hanbo"); //模块作者(可选)
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("used for studing linux drivers"); //模块儿简介(可选)
2、把自己开发的功能增加到Linux内核的配置选项中，使用户能够选择此功能
vi drivers/char/Konfig 在文件结尾，endmenu的前面加入一个config选项
config DEMO_CHARDEV
bool "demo_chardev driver for hanbo chardev boards"
default y
help
this is CHARDEV driver for hanbo chardev boards.
3、构建或修改Makefile，根据用户的选择，将相应的代码编译到最终生成的Linux内核中去
make menuconfig(添加配置选项)(如果提示找不到“ncurses”库则执行命令： sudo apt-get install libncurses5-dev )
Device driver -->
character devices ->
[*] demo_chardev driver for hanbo chardev boards
4、vi drivers/char/Makefile 添加内容如下：
..........
obj-$(CONFIG_DEMO_CHARDEV) +=demo_chardev.o (添加)
obj-$(CONFIG_JS_RTC) +=js-rtc.o(自带)
js-rtc-y = rtc.o (自带)
5、make (更新内核镜像到开发板)
6、交叉编译测试程序，放到开发板运行
arm-linux-gcc-gcc test.c -o demo
test.c
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int fd1 = 0, fd2 = 0;
unsigned char buf1[100] = "I am a test program!";
unsigned char buf2[100] = {0};
int retval;
//以读写、不阻塞方式打开设备文件
fd1 = open("/dev/demo0", O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK);
if(fd1 < 0){
perror("open /dev/demo1");
goto out;
}
//以只读、阻塞方式打开设备文件
fd2 = open("/dev/demo1", O_RDONLY);
if(fd2 < 0){
perror("open /dev/demo2");
goto out;
}
//成功返回实际写入字节数，失败返回负值
retval = write(fd1, buf1, strlen(buf1)+1);
if(retval < 0){
perror("writing fd1 failed!");
goto out;
}
printf(": write bytes: %d write content: %s\n", retval, buf1);
//成功返回实际读取字节数，失败返回负值
retval = read(fd2, buf2, sizeof(buf2));
if(retval < 0){
perror("reading fd2 failed!");
goto out;
}
printf(": read bytes: %d read content: %s\n", retval, buf2);
return 0;
out:
if(fd1 > 0)
close(fd1);
if(fd2 > 0)
close(fd2);
return -1;
}
二、手动加载驱动 .ko文件
1、上面的demo_chardev.c文件放到内核下编译生成 .ko文件
Makefile
#如果已定义KERNELRELEASE，说明是由内核构造系统调用的
#可以利用内建语句
ifneq ($(KERNELRELEASE),)
obj-m +=demo_chrdev.o
#此时由内核构造系统调用
else
#定义并记录内核源码路径
KERNELDIR = /home/hanbo/linux-2.6.35.7(自己源码路径，2.6.35.7指当前内核版本)
#记录当前工程目录
PWD := $(shell pwd)
default:
$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules
@rm -rf *.o .t* .m* .*.cmd *.mod.c *.order *.symvers
endif
clean:
rm -rf *.ko *.o .t* .m* .*.cmd *.mod.c *.order *.symvers
2、 然后用命令加载 .ko 驱动
lsmod 列举当前系统中的所有模块
lsmod 列举当前系统中的所有模块
rmmod xxx 卸载指定模块(不需要.ko后缀)
3、如果自己编译的代码中没有用
/*创建设备类*/
demo_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE,"demo_class");
/*创建设备文件，通知用户在“/dev/”目录下创件名字为demoX的设备文件*/
demo_device = device_create(demo_class,NULL, MKDEV(major, i), NULL,"demo%d",i);
则需要手动添加设备节点
mknod /dev/demo1 c 主设备号 0
mknod /dev/demo2 c 主设备号 1
注意：若卸载时出现提示 rmmod：chdir(2.6.35.7)：No such file or directory
则在开发板根文件系统下创建目录：/lib/modules/2.6.35.7(跟当前内核版本同名)
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