pycharm zip函数_python高级函数

高级函数

zip

• 把两个可迭代内容生成一个可迭代的tuple元素类型组成的内容

L1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
L2 = [11, 22, 33, 44, 55]

L3 = zip(L1, L2)
print(type(L3))
print(L3)

#for i in L3:
#    print(i)

L4 = [i for i in L3]
print(L4)
<class 'zip'>
<zip object at 0x108070e88>
[(1, 11), (2, 22), (3, 33), (4, 44), (5, 55)]

enumerate

• 和zip功能比较像
• 对可迭代对象里的每一元素，配饰一个索引，然后索引和内容构成tuple类型

L1 = ['a', 'b', 'c']
em = enumerate(L1)

L2 = [i for i in em]
print(L2)
[(0, 'a'), (1, 'b'), (2, 'c')]
em = enumerate(L1, start=100)

L2 = [i for i in em]
print(L2)
[(100, 'a'), (101, 'b'), (102, 'c')]

collections模块

• namedtuple
• deque
• Counter

namedtuple

• tuple类型
• 是一个可命名的tuple

import collections
Point = collections.namedtuple('Point', ['x', 'y'])
p = Point(11, 22)
print(p.x)
print(p[0])

#help(collections.namedtuple)
11
11
Circle = collections.namedtuple("Circle", ['x', 'y', 'r'])
c = Circle(100, 150, 50)
print(c)
print(type(c))

isinstance(c, tuple)
Circle(x=100, y=150, r=50)
<class '__main__.Circle'>





True

deque

• 方便解决频繁删除插入带来的效率问题

q = collections.deque(['a', 'b', 'c'])
print(q)

q.append('d')
print(q)

q.appendleft('e')
print(q)
deque(['a', 'b', 'c'])
deque(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])
deque(['e', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])

defaultdict

• 当直接读取dict不存在的属性时，直接返回默认值

d = {"one":1, "two":2}
print(d["one"])

print(d["four"])
1



---------------------------------------------------------------------------

KeyError                                  Traceback (most recent call last)

<ipython-input-29-39ba53d60c71> in <module>
      2 print(d["one"])
      3 
----> 4 print(d["four"])


KeyError: 'four'
from collections import defaultdict
func = lambda: "test"
d2 = defaultdict(func)
d2["one"] = 1
d2["two"] = 2

print(d2["four"])
test

Counter

• 统计字符串个数

from collections import Counter
c = Counter("dsfajcsdancosad;cadfsiacnsafq")
print(c)
Counter({'a': 6, 's': 5, 'd': 4, 'c': 4, 'f': 3, 'n': 2, 'j': 1, 'o': 1, ';': 1, 'i': 1, 'q': 1})

调试

• 调试流程：单元测试->集成测试->交测试部
• 分类：
  • 静态测试
  • 动态测试

pdb调试

pycharm调试

• run/debug模式
  • 断点：程序在debug模式下，遇到断点就会暂停
    • Step Over

单元测试