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package org.iswin.csv;

/**

* Static methods for translating Base64 encoded strings to byte arrays and vice-versa.

*

* @author Josh Bloch

* @version %I%, %G%

* @see Preferences

* @since 1.4

*/

public class Base64 {

/**

* Translates the specified byte array into a Base64 string as per Preferences.put(byte[]).

*/

public static String byteArrayToBase64(byte[] a) {

return byteArrayToBase64(a, false);

}

/**

* Translates the specified byte array into an “alternate representation” Base64 string. This non-standard variant

* uses an alphabet that does not contain the uppercase alphabetic characters, which makes it suitable for use in

* situations where case-folding occurs.

*/

public static String byteArrayToAltBase64(byte[] a) {

return byteArrayToBase64(a, true);

}

private static String byteArrayToBase64(byte[] a, boolean alternate) {

int aLen = a.length;

int numFullGroups = aLen / 3;

int numBytesInPartialGroup = aLen – 3 * numFullGroups;

int resultLen = 4 * ((aLen + 2) / 3);

StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder(resultLen);

char[] intToAlpha = (alternate ? intToAltBase64 : intToBase64);

// Translate all full groups from byte array elements to Base64

int inCursor = 0;

for (int i = 0; i < numFullGroups; i++) {

int byte0 = a[inCursor++] & 0xff;

int byte1 = a[inCursor++] & 0xff;

int byte2 = a[inCursor++] & 0xff;

result.append(intToAlpha[byte0 >> 2]);

result.append(intToAlpha[(byte0 <> 4)]);

result.append(intToAlpha[(byte1 <> 6)]);

result.append(intToAlpha[byte2 & 0x3f]);

}

// Translate partial group if present

if (numBytesInPartialGroup != 0) {

int byte0 = a[inCursor++] & 0xff;

result.append(intToAlpha[byte0 >> 2]);

if (numBytesInPartialGroup == 1) {

result.append(intToAlpha[(byte0 << 4) & 0x3f]);

result.append(“==”);

} else {

// assert numBytesInPartialGroup == 2;

int byte1 = a[inCursor++] & 0xff;

result.append(intToAlpha[(byte0 <> 4)]);

result.append(intToAlpha[(byte1 << 2) & 0x3f]);

result.append(‘=’);

}

}

// assert inCursor == a.length;

// assert result.length() == resultLen;

return result.toString();

}

/**

* This array is a lookup table that translates 6-bit positive integer index values into their “Base64 Alphabet”

* equivalents as specified in Table 1 of RFC 2045.

*/

private static final char intToBase64[] = { ‘A’, ‘B’, ‘C’, ‘D’, ‘E’, ‘F’, ‘G’, ‘H’, ‘I’, ‘J’, ‘K’, ‘L’, ‘M’,

‘N’, ‘O’, ‘P’, ‘Q’, ‘R’, ‘S’, ‘T’, ‘U’, ‘V’, ‘W’, ‘X’, ‘Y’, ‘Z’, ‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’, ‘d’, ‘e’, ‘f’, ‘g’, ‘h’,

‘i’, ‘j’, ‘k’, ‘l’, ‘m’, ‘n’, ‘o’, ‘p’, ‘q’, ‘r’, ‘s’, ‘t’, ‘u’, ‘v’, ‘w’, ‘x’, ‘y’, ‘z’, ‘0’, ‘1’, ‘2’,

‘3’, ‘4’, ‘5’, ‘6’, ‘7’, ‘8’, ‘9’, ‘+’, ‘/’ };

/**

* This array is a lookup table that translates 6-bit positive integer index values into their

* “Alternate Base64 Alphabet” equivalents. This is NOT the real Base64 Alphabet as per in Table 1 of RFC 2045. This

* alternate alphabet does not use the capital letters. It is designed for use in environments where “case folding”

* occurs.

*/

private static final char intToAltBase64[] = { ‘!’, ‘”‘, ‘#’, ‘$’, ‘%’, ‘&’, ‘/”, ‘(‘, ‘)’, ‘,’, ‘-‘, ‘.’, ‘:’,

‘;’, ‘’, ‘@’, ‘[‘, ‘]’, ‘^’, ‘`’, ‘_’, ‘{‘, ‘|’, ‘}’, ‘~’, ‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’, ‘d’, ‘e’, ‘f’, ‘g’, ‘h’,

‘i’, ‘j’, ‘k’, ‘l’, ‘m’, ‘n’, ‘o’, ‘p’, ‘q’, ‘r’, ‘s’, ‘t’, ‘u’, ‘v’, ‘w’, ‘x’, ‘y’, ‘z’, ‘0’, ‘1’, ‘2’,

‘3’, ‘4’, ‘5’, ‘6’, ‘7’, ‘8’, ‘9’, ‘+’, ‘?’ };

/**

* Translates the specified Base64 string (as per Preferences.get(byte[])) into a byte array.

*

* @throw IllegalArgumentException if s is not a valid Base64 string.

*/

public static byte[] base64ToByteArray(String s) {

return base64ToByteArray(s, false);

}

/**

* Translates the specified “alternate representation” Base64 string into a byte array.

*

* @throw IllegalArgumentException or ArrayOutOfBoundsException if s is not a valid alternate

* representation Base64 string.

*/

public static byte[] altBase64ToByteArray(String s) {

return base64ToByteArray(s, true);

}

private static byte[] base64ToByteArray(String s, boolean alternate) {

byte[] alphaToInt = (alternate ? altBase64ToInt : base64ToInt);

int sLen = s.length();

int numGroups = sLen / 4;

if (4 * numGroups != sLen) {

throw new IllegalArgumentException(“String length must be a multiple of four.”);

}

int missingBytesInLastGroup = 0;

int numFullGroups = numGroups;

if (sLen != 0) {

if (s.charAt(sLen – 1) == ‘=’) {

missingBytesInLastGroup++;

numFullGroups–;

}

if (s.charAt(sLen – 2) == ‘=’) {

missingBytesInLastGroup++;

}

}

byte[] result = new byte[3 * numGroups – missingBytesInLastGroup];

// Translate all full groups from base64 to byte array elements

int inCursor = 0, outCursor = 0;

for (int i = 0; i < numFullGroups; i++) {

int ch0 = base64toInt(s.charAt(inCursor++), alphaToInt);

int ch1 = base64toInt(s.charAt(inCursor++), alphaToInt);

int ch2 = base64toInt(s.charAt(inCursor++), alphaToInt);

int ch3 = base64toInt(s.charAt(inCursor++), alphaToInt);

result[outCursor++] = (byte) ((ch0 <> 4));

result[outCursor++] = (byte) ((ch1 <> 2));

result[outCursor++] = (byte) ((ch2 << 6) | ch3);

}

// Translate partial group, if present

if (missingBytesInLastGroup != 0) {

int ch0 = base64toInt(s.charAt(inCursor++), alphaToInt);

int ch1 = base64toInt(s.charAt(inCursor++), alphaToInt);

result[outCursor++] = (byte) ((ch0 <> 4));

if (missingBytesInLastGroup == 1) {

int ch2 = base64toInt(s.charAt(inCursor++), alphaToInt);

result[outCursor++] = (byte) ((ch1 <> 2));

}

}

// assert inCursor == s.length()-missingBytesInLastGroup;

// assert outCursor == result.length;

return result;

}

/**

* Translates the specified character, which is assumed to be in the “Base 64 Alphabet” into its equivalent 6-bit

* positive integer.

*

* @throw IllegalArgumentException or ArrayOutOfBoundsException if c is not in the Base64 Alphabet.

*/

private static int base64toInt(char c, byte[] alphaToInt) {

int result = alphaToInt[c];

if (result < 0) {

throw new IllegalArgumentException(“Illegal character ” + c);

}

return result;

}

/**

* This array is a lookup table that translates unicode characters drawn from the “Base64 Alphabet” (as specified in

* Table 1 of RFC 2045) into their 6-bit positive integer equivalents. Characters that are not in the Base64

* alphabet but fall within the bounds of the array are translated to -1.

*/

private static final byte base64ToInt[] = { -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,

-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 62,

-1, -1, -1, 63, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,

8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 26, 27, 28,

29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51 };

/**

* This array is the analogue of base64ToInt, but for the nonstandard variant that avoids the use of uppercase

* alphabetic characters.

*/

private static final byte altBase64ToInt[] = { -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,

-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, -1, 62, 9, 10,

11, -1, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 12, 13, 14, -1, 15, 63, 16, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,

-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 17, -1, 18, 19, 21, 20, 26, 27, 28,

29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 22, 23, 24, 25 };

}