oracle什么版本支持闪回,oracle闪回版本和闪回事务查询详解

--- 说明闪回数据库 --- 使用闪回表将表内容还原到过去的特定时间点 --- 从删除表中进行恢复 --- 使用闪回查询查看截止到任一时间点的数据库内容 --- 使用闪回版本查询查看某一行在一段时间内的各个版本 --- 使用闪回事务查询查看事务处理历史记录或行 优点

--- 说明闪回数据库

--- 使用闪回表将表内容还原到过去的特定时间点

--- 从删除表中进行恢复

--- 使用闪回查询查看截止到任一时间点的数据库内容

--- 使用闪回版本查询查看某一行在一段时间内的各个版本

--- 使用闪回事务查询查看事务处理历史记录或行

优点：

闪回技术由于只能处理更改数据，所以从根本上改变了恢复技术。使用这个技术时，从错误中恢复花费的时间等于制造错误所花费的时间。当闪回技术使用时，它与介质恢复相比，在易用性、可用性和还原时间方面有明显的优势。

闪回数据库使用闪回日志执行闪回。闪回删除使用回收站。其他所有功能都使用还原数据。

闪回时间浏览

闪回技术提供的功能可用于查询方案对象的过去版本、查询历史记录数据以及执行更改分析。每个事务处理在逻辑上都会生成新版本数据库。使用闪回技术，可通过浏览这些版本来查找错误以及原因。

· 闪回查询：查询特定时间点的所有数据。

· 闪回版本查询：查看两个时间之间行的所有版本已经更改了行的事务处理。

· 闪回事务处理查询：查看事务处理做的所有更改。

使用闪回查询功能时，可以对自特定时间起的数据库执行查询。通过使用select语句的 as of 子句，可指定要查看其数据的时间戳。这有助于分析数据差异。

实验一：闪回查询

实验一：闪回查询：as of timestamp

SYS@ORCL>conn tyger/tyger

Connected.

TYGER@ORCL>create table fb_query as select * from scott.dept;

Table created.

TYGER@ORCL>select * from fb_query;

DEPTNO DNAME LOC

---------- -------------- -------------

10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK

20 RESEARCH DALLAS

30 SALES CHICAGO

40 OPERATIONS BOSTON

TYGER@ORCL>set time on;

09:51:36 TYGER@ORCL>delete fb_query where deptno=10;

1 row deleted.

09:51:53 TYGER@ORCL>commit;

Commit complete.

09:51:57 TYGER@ORCL>select * from fb_query;

DEPTNO DNAME LOC

---------- -------------- -------------

20 RESEARCH DALLAS

30 SALES CHICAGO

40 OPERATIONS BOSTON

09:52:06 TYGER@ORCL>select * from fb_query as of timestamp sysdate-1/1440;

DEPTNO DNAME LOC

---------- -------------- -------------

10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK

20 RESEARCH DALLAS

30 SALES CHICAGO

40 OPERATIONS BOSTON

实验二：闪回查询应用

10:25:04 TYGER@ORCL>drop table fb_tyger purge;

Table dropped.

10:25:10 TYGER@ORCL>create table fb_tyger as select * from scott.dept;

Table created.

10:25:33 TYGER@ORCL>select * from fb_tyger;

DEPTNO DNAME LOC

---------- -------------- -------------

10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK

20 RESEARCH DALLAS

30 SALES CHICAGO

40 OPERATIONS BOSTON

10:25:44 TYGER@ORCL>select sysdate from dual;

SYSDATE

---------

14-MAR-14

10:26:02 TYGER@ORCL>alter session set nls_date_format='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss';

Session altered.

10:26:30 TYGER@ORCL>select sysdate from dual;

SYSDATE

-------------------

2014-03-14 10:26:38

10:26:38 TYGER@ORCL>update fb_tyger set dname='';

4 rows updated.

10:26:51 TYGER@ORCL>commit;

Commit complete.

10:26:54 TYGER@ORCL>select * from fb_tyger;

DEPTNO DNAME LOC

---------- -------------- -------------

10 NEW YORK

20 DALLAS

30 CHICAGO

40 BOSTON

10:27:12 TYGER@ORCL>select * from fb_tyger as of timestamp to_timestamp('2014-03-14 10:26:38','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss');

DEPTNO DNAME LOC

---------- -------------- -------------

10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK

20 RESEARCH DALLAS

30 SALES CHICAGO

40 OPERATIONS BOSTON

此处遇到错误：

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01466: unable to read data - table definition has changed

参考文档：

10:29:21 TYGER@ORCL>select * from fb_tyger as of timestamp sysdate-3/1440;

DEPTNO DNAME LOC

---------- -------------- -------------

10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK

20 RESEARCH DALLAS

30 SALES CHICAGO

40 OPERATIONS BOSTON

10:29:35 TYGER@ORCL>select * from fb_tyger;

DEPTNO DNAME LOC

---------- -------------- -------------

10 NEW YORK

20 DALLAS

30 CHICAGO

40 BOSTON

10:46:22 TYGER@ORCL>set time off

TYGER@ORCL>update fb_tyger t

2 set dname =

3 (select dname from fb_tyger as of timestamp

4 to_timestamp('2014-03-14 10:26:38','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')

5 where t.deptno=fb_tyger.deptno);

4 rows updated.

TYGER@ORCL>commit;

Commit complete.

TYGER@ORCL>select * from fb_tyger;

DEPTNO DNAME LOC

---------- -------------- -------------

10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK

20 RESEARCH DALLAS

30 SALES CHICAGO

40 OPERATIONS BOSTON

实验三：闪回查询 as of scn

TYGER@ORCL>conn / as sysdba

Connected.

SYS@ORCL>grant execute on dbms_flashback to tyger;

Grant succeeded.

TYGER@ORCL>select dbms_flashback.get_system_change_number from dual;

GET_SYSTEM_CHANGE_NUMBER

------------------------

1107246

TYGER@ORCL>select * from fb_tyger;

DEPTNO DNAME LOC

---------- -------------- -------------

10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK

20 RESEARCH DALLAS

30 SALES CHICAGO

40 OPERATIONS BOSTON

TYGER@ORCL>delete fb_tyger where deptno<=30;

3 rows deleted.

TYGER@ORCL>commit;

Commit complete.

TYGER@ORCL>select * from fb_tyger;

DEPTNO DNAME LOC

---------- -------------- -------------

40 OPERATIONS BOSTON

TYGER@ORCL>select * from fb_tyger as of scn 1107246;

DEPTNO DNAME LOC

---------- -------------- -------------

10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK

20 RESEARCH DALLAS

30 SALES CHICAGO

40 OPERATIONS BOSTON

实验四：利用PL/SQL包dbms_flashback

语法：

· 会话启用闪回指定时间：

DBMS_FLASHBACK.ENABLE_AT_TIME(query_time IN TIMESTAMP);

· 会话启用闪回指定SCN：

DBMS_FLASHBACK.ENABLE_AT_SYSTEM_CHANGE_NUMBER(query_scn IN NUMBER);

· 关闭闪回：

DBMS_FLASHBACK.DISABLE;

TYGER@ORCL>conn / as sysdba

Connected.

SYS@ORCL>grant execute on dbms_flashback to tyger;

Grant succeeded.

SYS@ORCL>conn tyger/tyger

Connected.

TYGER@ORCL>

TYGER@ORCL>

TYGER@ORCL>

TYGER@ORCL>create table fb_query1 as select * from scott.dept;

Table created.

TYGER@ORCL>create table fb_query2 as select * from scott.dept;

Table created.

TYGER@ORCL>commit;

Commit complete.

TYGER@ORCL>select * from fb_query1;

DEPTNO DNAME LOC

---------- -------------- -------------

10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK

20 RESEARCH DALLAS

30 SALES CHICAGO

40 OPERATIONS BOSTON

TYGER@ORCL>select * from fb_query2;

DEPTNO DNAME LOC

---------- -------------- -------------

10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK

20 RESEARCH DALLAS

30 SALES CHICAGO

40 OPERATIONS BOSTON

TYGER@ORCL>set time on;

11:03:38 TYGER@ORCL>update fb_query1 set loc='';

4 rows updated.

11:03:52 TYGER@ORCL>commit;

Commit complete.

11:03:54 TYGER@ORCL>update fb_query2 set dname='';

4 rows updated.

11:04:14 TYGER@ORCL>commit;

Commit complete.

11:04:15 TYGER@ORCL>

11:04:15 TYGER@ORCL>select * from fb_query1;

DEPTNO DNAME LOC

---------- -------------- -------------

10 ACCOUNTING

20 RESEARCH

30 SALES

40 OPERATIONS

11:04:23 TYGER@ORCL>select * from fb_query2;

DEPTNO DNAME LOC

---------- -------------- -------------

10 NEW YORK

20 DALLAS

30 CHICAGO

40 BOSTON

// 闪回定位到5分钟前，此时若访问sysdate等时间函数，那么返回的是当前值而非5分钟之前。

11:04:30 TYGER@ORCL>exec dbms_flashback.enable_at_time(sysdate-5/1440);

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

11:05:09 TYGER@ORCL>select * from fb_query1;

DEPTNO DNAME LOC

---------- -------------- -------------

10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK

20 RESEARCH DALLAS

30 SALES CHICAGO

40 OPERATIONS BOSTON

11:05:29 TYGER@ORCL>select * from fb_query2;

DEPTNO DNAME LOC

---------- -------------- -------------

10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK

20 RESEARCH DALLAS

30 SALES CHICAGO

40 OPERATIONS BOSTON

//处于闪回会话模式时，不允许执行DML 、 DDL 操作

11:05:45 TYGER@ORCL>update fb_query1 set dname='';

update fb_query1 set dname=''

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-08182: operation not supported while in Flashback mode

11:05:59 TYGER@ORCL>exec dbms_flashback.disable;

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

11:06:18 TYGER@ORCL>select * from fb_query1;

DEPTNO DNAME LOC

---------- -------------- -------------

10 ACCOUNTING

20 RESEARCH

30 SALES

40 OPERATIONS

11:06:30 TYGER@ORCL>select * from fb_query2;

DEPTNO DNAME LOC

---------- -------------- -------------

10 NEW YORK

20 DALLAS

30 CHICAGO

40 BOSTON

11:06:37 TYGER@ORCL>update fb_query1 set dname='' where deptno=10;

1 row updated.

11:07:10 TYGER@ORCL>select * from fb_query1;

DEPTNO DNAME LOC

---------- -------------- -------------

10

20 RESEARCH

30 SALES

40 OPERATIONS

// sys 用户不允许使用dbms_flashback 包

11:07:20 TYGER@ORCL>conn / as sysdba

Connected.

11:07:35 SYS@ORCL>set time off

SYS@ORCL>exec dbms_flashback.enable_at_time(sysdate-5/1440);

BEGIN dbms_flashback.enable_at_time(sysdate-5/1440); END;

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-08185: Flashback not supported for user SYS

ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_FLASHBACK", line 3

ORA-06512: at line 1

实验二：闪回版本

---通过闪回版本可审计表行，检索影响行的事务处理的有关信息。然后可使用返回的事务处理标识符来执行事务处理挖掘(通过使用LogMiner)或执行闪回版本查询。

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