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Oracle 11g 手工建库与删库

在前一篇文章中提到阅读Oracle 11gR2 Administrator‘s

Guide(文档编号E25494-01)时，简单描述了DDL_LOCK_TIMEOUT参数。在Oracle 11gR2

Administrator‘s Guide文档的chapter 2 Creating and Configuring an

Oracle Database章节时，提到手工建库，本文简单记录一下，如何在OEL 5.5

X86_64位环境下，手工创建及删除11.2.0.1.0的数据库，将文件放到文件系统上存放。当然，利用DBCA来建库、删库比较简单，就不再赘述了。具体操作步骤如下：

1 前提条件，操作系统上已经安装好Oracle 11gR2 的软件

其中环境变量ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle，ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1；

[root@OCM11g ~]# su - oracle

OCM11g-> env | grep ORA

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

OCM11g->

2 确认环境变量

本例中选择ORACLE_SID=manualdb,ORACLE_HOME选用原有的/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1；

OCM11g-> iduid=1101(oracle) gid=1000(oinstall) groups=1000(oinstall),1201(asmdba),1300(dba),1301(oper)OCM11g-> uname -rm2.6.18-194.el5 x86_64OCM11g-> export ORACLE_SID=manualdbOCM11g-> env | grep ORAORACLE_SID=manualdbORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracleORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1OCM11g->

3 创建初始化参数文件

这里将参数文件放到系统默认的路径下，即$ORACLE_HOME/dbs,命名为initmanualdb.ora,其内容如下：

OCM11g-> cat /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initmanualdb.ora

db_name=manualdb

memory_target=600m

OCM11g->

简单起见，我们只在初始化参数文件中指定了db_name,memory_target这两个参数。我们知道，启动数据库实例的最少参数只需要一个db_name即可，这里选择db_name=manualdb,附加一个memory_target=600m,这个是11g的新参数，用于控制SGA+PGA的总大小。当然，也可以在参数文件中指定control_files,如果该参数被忽略的话，那么Oracle会自动在$ORACLE_HOME/dbs路径下创建一个名为cntrl$ORACLE_SID.dbf的控制文件。

4 准备将来存放数据文件、日志文件的路径。

这两类文件的路径如下：

datafile:

OCM11g-> mkdir -p /u02/manualdb/oradata

online log:

OCM11g-> mkdir -p /u02/manualdb/onlinelogOCM11g-> ll /u02/manualdb/total 8drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Mar 30 10:56 onlinelogdrwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Mar 30 10:56 oradataOCM11g->

5 启动manualdb实例到NOMOUNT状态

其实，在该环境下，我们的控制文件尚未生成，实例至多也只能加载到NOMOUNT状态：

OCM11g-> id

uid=1101(oracle) gid=1000(oinstall) groups=1000(oinstall),1201(asmdba),1300(dba),1301(oper)

OCM11g-> env | grep ORA

ORACLE_SID=manualdb

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

OCM11g-> sqlplus

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Mar 30 10:59:32 2012

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 626327552 bytes

Fixed Size 2215944 bytes

Variable Size 373297144 bytes

Database Buffers 243269632 bytes

Redo Buffers 7544832 bytes

ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info

SQL>

上述报错ORA-00205提示控制文件找不到，正是我们所预见的，因为当前控制文件还未生成，所以数据库没法MOUNT，说明数据库是NOMOUNT状态。这时，也可以看到相关的后台进程已经启动：

SQL> !

OCM11g-> ps -ef | grep ora_|grep -v grep

oracle 14885 1 0 11:02 ? 00:00:00 ora_pmon_manualdb

oracle 14887 1 0 11:02 ? 00:00:00 ora_vktm_manualdb

oracle 14891 1 0 11:02 ? 00:00:00 ora_gen0_manualdb

oracle 14893 1 0 11:02 ? 00:00:00 ora_diag_manualdb

oracle 14895 1 0 11:02 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbrm_manualdb

oracle 14897 1 0 11:02 ? 00:00:00 ora_psp0_manualdb

oracle 14899 1 0 11:02 ? 00:00:00 ora_dia0_manualdb

oracle 14903 1 6 11:02 ? 00:00:27 ora_mman_manualdb

oracle 14905 1 0 11:02 ? 00:00:01 ora_dbw0_manualdb

oracle 14907 1 0 11:02 ? 00:00:00 ora_lgwr_manualdb

oracle 14909 1 0 11:02 ? 00:00:00 ora_ckpt_manualdb

oracle 14911 1 0 11:02 ? 00:00:00 ora_smon_manualdb

oracle 14913 1 0 11:03 ? 00:00:00 ora_reco_manualdb

oracle 14915 1 0 11:03 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmon_manualdb

oracle 14917 1 0 11:03 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmnl_manualdb

OCM11g->

6 执行下述CREATE DATABASE的命令，开始手工创建Oracle 数据库：

SQL> conn / as sysdba;

Connected.

SQL> select open_mode from v$database;select open_mode from v$database

*ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01507: database not mounted

手工建库脚本：

CREATE DATABASE manualdb USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY oracle USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY oracle LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u02/manualdb/onlinelog/redo01a.log') SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512, GROUP 2 ('/u02/manualdb/onlinelog/redo02a.log') SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512 MAXLOGFILES 5 MAXLOGMEMBERS 5 MAXLOGHISTORY 1

MAXDATAFILES 100 CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8 NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16 EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL DATAFILE '/u02/manualdb/oradata/system01.dbf' SIZE 300M REUSE SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u02/manualdb/oradata/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 300M REUSE DEFAULT TABLESPACE users DATAFILE '/u02/manualdb/oradata/users01.dbf' SIZE 5M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1

TEMPFILE '/u02/manualdb/oradata/temp01.dbf' SIZE 20M REUSE UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs DATAFILE '/u02/manualdb/oradata/undotbs01.dbf' SIZE 20M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;

Database created.

SQL> select name,open_mode from v$database;

NAME OPEN_MODE

--------- --------------------

MANUALDB READ WRITE

SQL>

7 创建数据字典视图，分别执行下述脚本来完成：

SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql

......

......SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql

......

......SQL> @?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql

......

上述3个脚本的说明见下表：

The Scripts and

descriptions|------|------||Script|Description||CATALOG.SQL|Creates

the views of the data dictionary tables,the dynamic performance

views,and public synonyms for many of the views.Grants PUBLIC

access to the synonyms.||CATPROC.SQL|Runs all scripts required for

or used with PL/SQL.||PUPBLD.SQL|Required for SQLPlus. Enables

SQLPlus to disable commands by user.|

8 至此，我们完成了手工创建Oracle 数据库。

SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

CORE 11.2.0.1.0 Production

TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

5 rows selected.

SQL> select name,open_mode from v$database;

NAME OPEN_MODE

--------- --------------------

MANUALDB READ WRITE

1 row selected.

SQL> select name from v$datafile 2 union 3 select name from v$controlfile 4 union 5 select member from v$logfile;

NAME

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/cntrlmanualdb.dbf/u02/manualdb/onlinelog/redo01a.log/u02/manualdb/onlinelog/redo02a.log/u02/manualdb/oradata/sysaux01.dbf/u02/manualdb/oradata/system01.dbf/u02/manualdb/oradata/undotbs01.dbf/u02/manualdb/oradata/users01.dbf

7 rows selected.

SQL>

9 最后，如果该数据库不需要的话。我们可以执行手工删除数据库

当然必须要将数据库启动到MOUNT RESTRICT状态来删除：

如何确认实例是否是RESTRICTED MODE：

SQL> select instance_name,status,startup_time,logins from v$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME STATUS STARTUP_TIME LOGINS

--------------- ------------ ------------------- ----------

manualdb MOUNTED 2012/03/30 13:38:52 ALLOWED

1 row selected.

SQL> alter system enable restricted session;

System altered.

SQL> select instance_name,status,startup_time,logins from v$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME STATUS STARTUP_TIME LOGINS

--------------- ------------ ------------------- ----------

manualdb MOUNTED 2012/03/30 13:38:52 RESTRICTED

1 row selected.

SQL> alter system disable restricted session;

System altered.

SQL> select instance_name,status,startup_time,logins from v$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME STATUS STARTUP_TIME LOGINS

--------------- ------------ ------------------- ----------

manualdb MOUNTED 2012/03/30 13:38:52 ALLOWED

1 row selected.

SQL>

通过查看V$INSTANCE动态性能视图的LOGINS字段，如果该值为ALLOWED，说明实例是正常启动，并未进入RESTRICTED

MODE，普通用户可以正常访问；如果该值为RESTRICTED说明是RESTRICTED MODE，即需要具有RESTRICTED

SESSION系统权限的用户方可访问；

手工删除数据库：

SQL> select instance_name,status,startup_time,logins from v$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME STATUS STARTUP_TIME LOGINS

--------------- ------------ ------------------- ----------

manualdb MOUNTED 2012/03/30 13:38:52 ALLOWED

1 row selected.

SQL> drop database;

drop database

*ERROR at line 1:

ORA-12719: operation requires database is in RESTRICTED mode

SQL> alter system enable restricted session;

System altered.

SQL> select instance_name,status,startup_time,logins from v$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME STATUS STARTUP_TIME LOGINS

--------------- ------------ ------------------- ----------

manualdb MOUNTED 2012/03/30 13:38:52 RESTRICTED

1 row selected.

SQL> drop database;

Database dropped.

Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL>

此时，Oracle自动删除该数据库的所有数据文件、联机重做日志文件、控制文件以及初始化参数文件。从alert日志文件里可以看到下述信息：

Fri Mar 30 13:45:33 2012drop database

Deleted file /u02/manualdb/oradata/system01.dbf

Deleted file /u02/manualdb/oradata/sysaux01.dbf

Deleted file /u02/manualdb/oradata/undotbs01.dbf

Deleted file /u02/manualdb/oradata/users01.dbf

Deleted file /u02/manualdb/onlinelog/redo01a.log

Deleted file /u02/manualdb/onlinelog/redo02a.log

Deleted file /u02/manualdb/oradata/temp01.dbf

Deleted file /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_manualdb.f

10 简单总结，可见手工创建、删除数据库也很简单。