cairo填充_Cairo 图形指南 (5) —— 形状与填充

这一部分，讲述一些基本的以及较为高级的形状绘制及其纯色 (solid color)、图案 (pattern) 与渐变 (gradient) 填充方法。

基本形状

Cairo 提供了几个用于绘制基本形状的函数。

#include

#include

#include

static gboolean

on_expose_event (GtkWidget * widget,

GdkEventExpose * event, gpointer data)

{

cairo_t *cr;

cr = gdk_cairo_create (widget->window);

cairo_set_source_rgb (cr, 0, 0, 0);

cairo_set_line_width (cr, 1);

cairo_rectangle (cr, 20, 20, 120, 80);

cairo_rectangle (cr, 180, 20, 80, 80);

cairo_stroke_preserve (cr);

cairo_set_source_rgb (cr, 1, 1, 1);

cairo_fill (cr);

cairo_set_source_rgb (cr, 0, 0, 0);

cairo_arc (cr, 330, 60, 40, 0, 2 * M_PI);

cairo_stroke_preserve (cr);

cairo_set_source_rgb (cr, 1, 1, 1);

cairo_fill (cr);

cairo_set_source_rgb (cr, 0, 0, 0);

cairo_arc (cr, 90, 160, 40, M_PI / 4, M_PI);

cairo_close_path (cr);

cairo_stroke_preserve (cr);

cairo_set_source_rgb (cr, 1, 1, 1);

cairo_fill (cr);

cairo_set_source_rgb (cr, 0, 0, 0);

cairo_translate (cr, 220, 180);

cairo_scale (cr, 1, 0.7);

cairo_arc (cr, 0, 0, 50, 0, 2 * M_PI);

cairo_stroke_preserve (cr);

cairo_set_source_rgb (cr, 1, 1, 1);

cairo_fill (cr);

cairo_destroy (cr);

return FALSE;

}

int

main (int argc, char *argv[])

{

GtkWidget *window;

GtkWidget *darea;

gtk_init (&argc, &argv);

window = gtk_window_new (GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);

darea = gtk_drawing_area_new ();

gtk_container_add (GTK_CONTAINER (window), darea);

g_signal_connect (darea, "expose-event",

G_CALLBACK (on_expose_event), NULL);

g_signal_connect (window, "destroy",

G_CALLBACK (gtk_main_quit), NULL);

gtk_window_set_position (GTK_WINDOW (window),

GTK_WIN_POS_CENTER);

gtk_window_set_default_size (GTK_WINDOW (window), 390, 240);

gtk_widget_show_all (window);

gtk_main ();

return 0;

}

这个示例，绘制了矩形、正方形、圆、圆弧和椭圆。

下面对关键代码简单分析：

cairo_rectangle (cr, 20, 20, 120, 80);

cairo_rectangle (cr, 180, 20, 80, 80);

绘制矩形与正方形。正方形在 cairo 中是矩形的一种特例。

cairo_arc (cr, 330, 60, 40, 0, 2 * M_PI);

画了一个圆，圆心为 (330, 60)px，半径为 40px。Cairo 所谓的圆，其实是起始角为 0 度，终止角为 360 度的弧线。

cairo_scale (cr, 1, 0.7);

cairo_arc (cr, 0, 0, 50, 0, 2 * M_PI);

画椭圆的方法也与画圆类似，只是需要先设定长轴与短轴的比例，在本例中为 1:0.7。

复杂的图形

复杂的图形是由简单的图形拼凑出来的，譬如下面这个绘制圆角矩形的程序。

#include

#include

#include

static void

draw_round_rectangle (cairo_t * cr,

double x, double y,

double width, double height, double r)

{

cairo_move_to (cr, x + r, y);

cairo_line_to (cr, x + width - r, y);

cairo_move_to (cr, x + width, y + r);

cair