oracle安装并导入备份,centos6.5的安装，oracle数据库的安装，备份数据的导入详情。...

1、在安装Oracle之前，用命令检查必需的RPM软件包有没有安装，检查的命令如下：

rpm -q binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelfelfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headerskernel-headers ksh libaio  libaio-devel libgcc libgomp libstdc++libstdc++-devel make numactl-devel sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel

2、在安装Oracle之前，安装一些lib。

yum -y install  gccgcc-c++ make binutilscompat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-develglibc glibc-commonglibc-devel  libaiolibaio-devel libgcclibstdc++ libstdc++-devel unixODBC unixODBC-devel

yum install -y libstdc++.i686

yum install -y libaio-devel.i686

yum install -y compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64

yum install unixODBC.i686 -y

yum install unixODBC-devel.i686 -y

yum install libaio.i686 -y

yum install ksh.x86_64 -y

yum install package numactl-devel

3、 vi /etc/sysctl.conf 在末尾处添加下面的信息

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range= 9000 65500

fs.file-max = 6815744

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100128

net.core.rmem_default=262144

net.core.wmem_default=262144

net.core.rmem_max=4194304

net.core.wmem_max=1048576

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

要使 /etc/sysctl.conf更改立即生效，执行以下命令： > sysctl -p

可能出现如下错误：

error:"net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables" is an unknown key

error: "net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables" is anunknown key

error: "net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables" isan unknown key

解决方法：

>lsmod | grep bridge

>modprobe bridge

>lsmod | grep bridge

4、vi /etc/security/limits.conf在末尾处添加

oracle   soft     nproc    4096

oracle   hard    nproc   16384

oracle   soft     nofile    4096

oracle   hard    nofile    65536

oracle   soft     stack    10240

5、vi  /etc/pam.d/login在末尾处添加

session  required   /lib64/security/pam_limits.so

session   required    pam_limits.so

6、vi /etc/profile在末尾处添加

if [ $USER ="oracle" ]; then

if [ $SHELL ="/bin/ksh" ];then

ulimit -p16384

ulimit -n65536

else

ulimit -u16384 -n 65536

fi

fi

7、创建Oracle用户和安装目录。

[root@localhost ~]# groupadd  oinstall            //创建Oracle Inventory组

[root@localhost ~]# groupadd  dba                                   //创建组群DBA组

[root@localhost ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle       //创建Oracle软件拥有者(-g表示辅助组，-G表示主组)(还可以在后面接-d dir，表示用户的家目录的位置，默认普通用户的家目录在/home下)

[root@localhost ~]# passwd oracle                                     //修改oracle用户的密码

创建安装目录：

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p  /home/oracle/app                        #基目录

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /home/oracle/app/oraInventory       #该目录就像Windows下的注册表文件，每当有软件安装，就会向里面写一些注册表

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /home/oracle/app/oracle                  #oracle数据库目录

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /home/oracle/app/oracle/product    #oracle实例目录

更改目录属主为Oracle用户所有(防止安装过程中发生权限不够的问题)，输入命令：

[root@localhost ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall  /home/oracle/app

[root@localhost ~]# chmod -R 775  /home/oracle/app/

8、配置oracle用户的环境变量，要在oracle用户下进行操作，输入：(在oracle用户下操作)

>su oracle      (进入oracle命令)

>vi  /home/oracle/.bash_profile     在末尾处添加

export  EDITOR=vi

export ORACLE_SID=orcl

export ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/app

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

export INVENTORY_LOCATION=/home/oracle/app/oraInventory

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib

export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin

umask 022

export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK

9,将oracle安装包导入，解压安装包(在root用户下)

[oracle@localhost root]$ su - root

[root@localhost ~]# cd /

[root@localhost /]# ls

[root@localhost /]# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip

[root@localhost /]# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

10.在linux服务器系统上操作安装数据库，(到服务器显示界面操作，不要ssh远程)

[root@localhost /]# su - oracle

-bash: [: oracle: unary operator expected

[oracle@localhost ~]$ cd /database/

[oracle@localhost database]$ su - root

[root@localhost ~]# xhost +

[root@localhost ~]# su - oracle

[oracle@localhost database]$ ./runInstaller

界面的安装步骤百度有详细，

11，启动oracle的.sh文件。(安着步骤来)

[oracle@localhost database]$ su - root

[root@localhost ~]# cd /home/oracle/oraInventory

[root@localhost oraInventory]# ./orainstRoot.sh

Changing permissions of /home/oracle/oraInventory.

Adding read,write permissions for group.

Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /home/oracle/oraInventory tooinstall.

The execution of the script is complete.

[root@localhost oraInventory]#

[root@localhost oraInventory]# cd/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

[root@localhost dbhome_1]# ./root.sh

Running Oracle 11g root.sh script...

The following environment variables are set as:

ORACLE_OWNER= oracle

ORACLE_HOME= /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory:[/usr/local/bin]:

Copyingdbhome to /usr/local/bin ...

Copyingoraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Copyingcoraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Creating /etc/oratab file...

Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file asneeded by

Database Configuration Assistant when a database iscreated

Finished running generic part of root.sh script.

Now product-specific root actions will be performed.

Finished product-specific root actions.

中间直接回车

二，数据库导入

1、防火墙配置

[root@localhost ~]# service iptables stop

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables

# Manual customization of this file is notrecommended.

*filter

:INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]

:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]

:OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]

-A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -jACCEPT

-A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT

-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT

-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22-j ACCEPT

-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport1521 -j ACCEPT     (这个是数据库默认端口，一般填写这个)

-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport8080 -j ACCEPT        (这个是tomcat端口)

-A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited

-A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-withicmp-host-prohibited

COMMIT

~

~

~

~

"/etc/sysconfig/iptables" 16L, 611C written

[root@localhost ~]# service iptables start

iptables: Applying firewall rules:                         [  OK  ]

[root@localhost ~]#

2.使用plsql软件管理数据库，连接数据库。根据备份数据库备份的说明来创建数据库的用户和密码。

3.上传数据备份文件到/home/oracle

[root@localhost ~]# cd /home/oracle

[root@localhost oracle]# ****.dmp.gz

[root@localhost ~]# su - oracle

[oracle@localhost ~]$ cd /home/oracle/

[oracle@localhost ~]$ imp 用户/密码@orcl file=/home/oracle/****.dmp  fromuser=用户  touser=用户