对于 oracle 来说,存在着 32bit 与 64bit 的问题。这个问题影响到的主要是 SGA 的大小。在 32bit
的数据库下,通常 oracle 只能使用不超过 1.7G 的内存,即使我们拥有 12G 的内存,但是我们却只能使用
1.7G,这是一个莫大的遗憾。假如我们安装 64bit 的数据库,我们就可以使用很大的内存,我们几乎不可能达到上限。但是 64bit
的数据库必须安装在 64bit 的操作系统上,可惜目前 windows 上只能安装 32bit 的数据库. 但是在特定的操作系统下,可能提供了一定的手段,使得我们可以使用超过 1.7G 的内存,达到 2G 以上甚至更多。
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Oracle数据库包含了如下基本内存组件
System global area (SGA)
The SGA is a group of shared memory structures, known as SGA components,
that contain data and control information for one Oracle Database
instance. The SGA is shared by all server and background processes.
Examples of data stored in the SGA include cached data blocks and shared
SQL areas.
Program global area (PGA)
A PGA is a
nonshared memory region that contains data and control information
exclusively for use by an Oracle process. The PGA is created by Oracle
Database when an Oracle process is started.
One PGA exists for each server process and background process. The collection of individual PGAs is the total instance PGA, or instance PGA. Database initialization parameters set the size of the instance PGA, not individual PGAs.
User Global Area (UGA)
The UGA is memory associated with a user session.
Software code areas
Software
code areas are portions of memory used to store code that is being run
or can be run. Oracle Database code is stored in a software area that is
typically at a different location from user programs—a more exclusive
or protected location.
内存管理
Oracle依赖于内存相关的初始化参数来控制内存的管理。
内存管理有如下三个选项
Automatic memory management
You
specify the target size for instance memory. The database in