7.4.5-elasticsearch索引字段类型参数

norms参数

norms参数会存储各种normalization因子用于查询时计算文档相对查询字段的相关分;
norms虽然对于相关分计算有帮助,但需要额外的磁盘空间进行存储(一般每个文档的每个字段会额外占用一个字节的空间,即使该字段没有值也同样需要一字节空间),故而如果没有针对特定字段计算分数的必要,可以将该字段置为false,特别是针对只用于排序或聚合的字段;
norms可以针对已存在值的字段进行设置,不过在禁用之后将不可再重新启用;

PUT param_norms_index
{
   
  "mappings": {
   
    "properties": {
   
      "desc":{
   
        "type": "text",
        "norms":false
      }
    }
  }
}

//报错,不允许将禁用的再重新启用,Mapper for [desc] conflicts with existing mapping:\n[mapper [desc] has different [norms] values, cannot change from disable to enabled]
PUT param_norms_index/_mapping
{
   
  "properties":{
   
    "desc":{
   
      "type":"text",
      "norms":true
    }
  }
}

norms在禁用之后不会立即删除,不过随着文档的增加,旧段合并到新段,这些norms参数才被移除;由于某些文档不再有norms参数,这可能导致在前后针对相同的文档计算分数存在不一致的情况;

null_value参数

null值在es中是不可建立索引和查询,一个字段设为null(空数组或者值为null的数组)将被视为该字段没有值;
null_value参数允许显式指定值为null时字段的默认值以使字段可以建立索引及可被查询;
需要注意的是指定的null_value的值需要与字段类型一致,否则将会报异常;
null_value只会影响字段为null时的索引,不会改定_source的json值;

//定义create_time字段且定义其null_value
PUT param_null_value_index
{
   
  "mappings": {
   
    "properties": {
   
      "create_time":{
   
        "type": "date",
        "null_value": "2020-05-30"
      }
    }
  }
}

//create_time字段不会被替换为null_value值
PUT param_null_value_index/_doc/1
{
   
  "create_time":"2021-01-01"
}

//create_time字段不会被替换为null_value值
PUT param_null_value_index/_doc/2
{
   
  "desc":"day day up"
}

//create_time字段将被替换为null_value值
PUT param_null_value_index/_doc/3
{
   
  "desc":"历史记录",
  "create_time":null
}

//create_time字段不会被替换为null_value值
PUT param_null_value_index/_doc/4
{
   
  "desc":"历史记录1",
  "create_time":[]
}

//create_time字段将被替换为null_value值
PUT param_null_value_index/_doc/5
{
   
  "desc":"历史记录2",
  "create_time":[null,null]
}

GET param_null_value_index/_search
{
   
  "query": {
   
    "range": {
   
      "create_time": {
   
        "gte": "2020-05-10",
        "lte": "2021-05-10"
      }
    }
  }
}

查询结果

{
   
  "took" : 1,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
   
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
   
    "total" : {
   
      "value" : 3,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 1.0,
    "hits" : [
      {
   
        "_index" : "param_null_value_index",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
   
          "create_time" : "2021-01-01"
        }
      },
      {