Oracle 9i 开始支持闪回,Oracle10g开始全面支持闪回功能,Oracle11g有所完善,为大家快速的恢复数据,查询历史数据提供了很大的便捷方法。
本文主要对Oracle常用闪回使用做些详细介绍,其中对于不常用的事务和版本闪回,这里就不做介绍
一、Oracle闪回概述
闪回级别
闪回场景
闪回技术
对象依赖
影响数据
数据库
表截断、逻辑错误、其他多表意外事件
闪回DATABASE
闪回日志、undo
是
DROP
删除表
闪回DROP
回收站(recyclebin)
是
表
更新、删除、插入记录
闪回TABLE
还原数据,undo
是
查询
当前数据和历史数据对比
闪回QUERY
还原数据,undo
否
版本查询
比较行版本
闪回Version Query
还原数据,undo
否
事务查询
比较
闪回Transaction Query
还原数据,undo
否
归档
DDL、DML
闪回Archive
归档日志
是
二、Oracle闪回使用详解
1、闪回开启
(1)开启闪回必要条件
a.开启归档日志
SQL> archive loglist;Database logmode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination/home/U01/app/oracle/oradata/testdb/arch
Oldest onlinelog sequence 844
Next log sequence to archive 846
Current log sequence 846##如未开启,在mount状态执行alterdatabase archivelog;
b.设置合理的闪回区
db_recovery_file_dest:指定闪回恢复区的位置
db_recovery_file_dest_size:指定闪回恢复区的可用空间大小
db_flashback_retention_target:指定数据库可以回退的时间,单位为分钟,默认1440分钟(1天),实际取决于闪回区大小
(2)检查是否开启闪回
SQL> select flashback_on from v$database;
FLASHBACK_ON------------------
NO
(3)开启闪回
a.开启归档
mount状态:alter database archivelog;
b.设置闪回区
SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='/home/U01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area' scope=both;
System altered.
SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size=60G scope=both;
System altered.
SQL> alter system set db_flashback_retention_target=4320 scope=both;
System altered.
c.开启flashback (10g在mount开启)
SQL> alter database flashback on;Database altered.
(4)确定闪回开启
SQL> select flashback_on from v$database;
FLASHBACK_ON------------------
YES
(5)关闭闪回
SQL> alter database flashback off;Database altered.
2、闪回使用
(1)闪回查询
闪回查询主要是根据Undo表空间数据进行多版本查询,针对v$和x$动态性能视图无效,但对DBA_、ALL_、USER_是有效的
a.闪回查询
允许用户查询过去某个时间点的数据,用以重构由于意外删除或更改的数据,数据不会变化。
SQL> select * fromscott.dept;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC---------- -------------- -------------
10ACCOUNTING NEW YORK20RESEARCH DALLAS30SALES CHICAGO40OPERATIONS BOSTON
SQL> delete from scott.dept where deptno=40;1row deleted.
SQL> commit;Commitcomplete.
SQL> select * from scott.dept as of timestamp sysdate-10/1440;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC---------- -------------- -------------
10ACCOUNTING NEW YORK20RESEARCH DALLAS30SALES CHICAGO40OPERATIONS BOSTON
SQL> select * from scott.dept as of timestamp to_timestamp('2017-12-14 16:20:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss');
DEPTNO DNAME LOC---------- -------------- -------------
10ACCOUNTING NEW YORK20RESEARCH DALLAS30SALES CHICAGO40OPERATIONS BOSTON
SQL> select * from scott.dept as of scn 16801523;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC---------- -------------- -------------
10ACCOUNTING NEW YORK20RESEARCH DALLAS30SALES CHICAGO40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
b.闪回版本查询
用于查询行级数据库随时间变化的方法
c.闪回事务查询
用于提供查看事务级别数据库变化的方法
(2)闪回表(update/insert/delete)
闪回表就是对表的数据做回退,回退到之前的某个时间点,其利用的是undo的历史数据,与undo_retention设置有关,默认是14400分钟(1天)
同样,sys用户表空间不支持闪回表,要想表闪回,需要允许表启动行迁移(row movement)
闪回表示例:
SQL> flashback table scott.dept to timestamp to_timestamp('2017-12-14 16:20:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss');
flashbacktable scott.dept to timestamp to_timestamp('2017-12-14 16:20:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')
ERROR at line1:
ORA-08189: cannot flashback the table because row movement is notenabled
SQL> select row_movement from dba_tables where table_name='DEPT' and owner='SCOTT';
ROW_MOVE--------
DISABLED
SQL> alter tablescott.dept enable row movement;Tablealtered.
SQL> flashback table scott.dept to timestamp to_timestamp('2017-12-14 16:20:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss');
Flashback complete.
SQL> select * fromscott.dept;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC---------- -------------- -------------
10ACCOUNTING NEW YORK20RESEARCH DALLAS30SALES CHICAGO40OPERATIONS BOSTON
SQL> alter tablescott.dept disable row movement;Table altered.
(3)闪回DROP(drop table)
当一个表被drop掉,表会被放入recyclebin回收站,可通过回收站做表的闪回。表上的索引、约束等同样会被恢复
不支持sys/system用户表空间对象,可通过alter system set recyclebin=off;关闭回收站功能
闪回DROP示例:
SQL> select * fromt ;
ID NAME---------- ---------------------------------------
1
2
3
4
30SQL> drop tablet;Tabledropped.
SQL>show recyclebin;
ORIGINAL NAME RECYCLEBIN NAME OBJECT TYPEDROPTIME---------------- ------------------------------ ------------ -------------------
T BIN$YEh2QcvZdJLgUxyAgQpnVQ==$0 TABLE 2017-12-14:15:02:06SQL> flashback table t to before drop;
Flashback complete.
SQL> select * fromt;
ID NAME---------- -------------------------------------
1
2
3
4
30
备注:即使不开始flashback,只要开启了recyclebin,那么就可以闪回DROP表。
但如果连续覆盖,就需要指定恢复的表名,如果已经存在表,则需要恢复重命名。
SQL>show recyclebin;
ORIGINAL NAME RECYCLEBIN NAME OBJECT TYPEDROPTIME---------------- ------------------------------ ------------ -------------------
T BIN$YEh2QcvddJLgUxyAgQpnVQ==$0 TABLE 2017-12-14:15:07:54T BIN$YEh2QcvcdJLgUxyAgQpnVQ==$0 TABLE 2017-12-14:15:07:27SQL> flashback table "BIN$YEh2QcvcdJLgUxyAgQpnVQ==$0" to before drop;
Flashback complete.
SQL>show recyclebin;
ORIGINAL NAME RECYCLEBIN NAME OBJECT TYPEDROPTIME---------------- ------------------------------ ------------ -------------------
T BIN$YEh2QcvddJLgUxyAgQpnVQ==$0 TABLE 2017-12-14:15:07:54SQL> flashback table t to before drop rename tott;
Flashback complete.
(4)闪回数据库(truncate/多表数据变更)
数据库闪回必须在mounted状态下进行,基于快照的可以再open下进行闪回库
闪回数据库主要是将数据库还原值过去的某个时间点或SCN,用于数据库出现逻辑错误时,需要open database resetlogs
a.全库闪回
数据库闪回示例
SQL> select * fromscott.EMP;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 1980-12-17 00:00:00 800 20
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 1981-02-20 00:00:00 1600 300 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 1981-02-22 00:00:00 1250 500 30
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 1981-04-02 00:00:00 2975 20
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 1981-09-28 00:00:00 1250 1400 30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 1981-05-01 00:00:00 2850 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 1981-06-09 00:00:00 2450 10
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 1987-04-19 00:00:00 3000 20
7839 KING PRESIDENT 1981-11-17 00:00:00 5000 10
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 1981-09-08 00:00:00 1500 0 30
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 1987-05-23 00:00:00 1100 20
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 1981-12-03 00:00:00 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 1981-12-03 00:00:00 3000 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 1982-01-23 00:00:00 1300 10
14rows selected.
SQL> truncate tablescott.EMP;Tabletruncated.
SQL> shutdownimmediate;Databaseclosed.Databasedismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL>startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area9.4067E+10bytes
Fixed Size2263936bytes
Variable Size9395242112bytesDatabase Buffers 8.4557E+10bytes
Redo Buffers112766976bytesDatabasemounted.
SQL> flashback database to timestamp to_timestamp('2017-12-14 14:12:46','yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS');
Flashback complete.
SQL> alter database openresetlogs;Databasealtered.
SQL> select * fromscott.emp;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 1980-12-17 00:00:00 800 20
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 1981-02-20 00:00:00 1600 300 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 1981-02-22 00:00:00 1250 500 30
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 1981-04-02 00:00:00 2975 20
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 1981-09-28 00:00:00 1250 1400 30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 1981-05-01 00:00:00 2850 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 1981-06-09 00:00:00 2450 10
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 1987-04-19 00:00:00 3000 20
7839 KING PRESIDENT 1981-11-17 00:00:00 5000 10
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 1981-09-08 00:00:00 1500 0 30
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 1987-05-23 00:00:00 1100 20
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 1981-12-03 00:00:00 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 1981-12-03 00:00:00 3000 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 1982-01-23 00:00:00 1300 10
14 rows selected.
b.快照闪回
针对主库和备库都可以创建闪回快照点,然后恢复到指定的快照点,但主库一旦恢复到快照点,备库的同步则需要重新同步
SQL> select * fromscott.dept;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC ADDR---------- -------------- ------------- ------------------------------
10ACCOUNTING NEW YORK20RESEARCH DALLAS30SALES CHICAGO
SQL> create restore point before_201712151111 guarantee flashback database;Restorepoint created.
SQL> create table scott.t as select * fromscott.dept;Tablecreated.
SQL> truncate tablescott.t;Tabletruncated.
SQL> shutdownimmediate;Databaseclosed.Databasedismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL>startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area9.4067E+10bytes
Fixed Size2263936bytes
Variable Size9663677568bytesDatabase Buffers 8.4289E+10bytes
Redo Buffers112766976bytesDatabasemounted.
SQL> flashback database to restorepoint before_201712151111;
Flashback complete.
SQL> alter database openresetlogs;Databasealtered.
此时主库scott.t已不存在:
SQL> select * fromscott.t;select * fromscott.t*ERROR at line1:
ORA-00942: table or view does notexist
此时从库的scott.依旧存在,主备同步终止
解决方案:在主库创建快照时间点,从库自动停止应用日志,等主库闪回后,重新应用日志即可。
如果已经做了上述操作,从库可以选择重建ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/xx/xx/archive.dbf';
c.闪回snapshot standby
此功能在11GR2非常实用,可自动创建闪回点、开启闪回日志,可完成线上数据测试后,然后做数据库闪回恢复主备关系
select scn, STORAGE_SIZE ,to_char(time,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') time,NAME fromv$restore_point;select database_role,open_mode,db_unique_name,flashback_on from v$database;
SQL> set line 200;
SQL> set pagesize 2000;
SQL> select database_role,open_mode,db_unique_name,flashback_on from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE OPEN_MODE DB_UNIQUE_NAME FLASHBACK_ON---------------- -------------------- ------------------------------ ------------------
PHYSICAL STANDBY READ ONLYtestdbms NO
SQL> ALTER DATABASE CONVERT TOSNAPSHOT STANDBY;Databasealtered.
SQL> select database_role,open_mode,db_unique_name,flashback_on from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE OPEN_MODE DB_UNIQUE_NAME FLASHBACK_ON---------------- -------------------- ------------------------------ ------------------
SNAPSHOT STANDBY MOUNTED testdbms RESTORE POINT ONLYSQL> alter database open;Databasealtered.
SQL> select open_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE--------------------
READWRITE
此时备库操作:
SQL> select * fromscott.emp;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 1980-12-17 00:00:00 800 20
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 1981-02-20 00:00:00 1600 300 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 1981-02-22 00:00:00 1250 500 30
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 1981-04-02 00:00:00 2975 20
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 1981-09-28 00:00:00 1250 1400 30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 1981-05-01 00:00:00 2850 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 1981-06-09 00:00:00 2450 10
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 1987-04-19 00:00:00 3000 20
7839 KING PRESIDENT 1981-11-17 00:00:00 5000 10
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 1981-09-08 00:00:00 1500 0 30
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 1987-05-23 00:00:00 1100 20
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 1981-12-03 00:00:00 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 1981-12-03 00:00:00 3000 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 1982-01-23 00:00:00 1300 10
14rows selected.
SQL> truncate tablescott.emp;Tabletruncated.
主库操作:
SQL> create table scott.t as select * fromscott.dept;Tablecreated.
SQL> select * fromscott.t;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC ADDR---------- -------------- ------------- ------------------------------
10ACCOUNTING NEW YORK20RESEARCH DALLAS30SALES CHICAGO
备库恢复到物理standby
SQL> shutdownimmediate;Databaseclosed.Databasedismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL>startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area9.4067E+10bytes
Fixed Size2263936bytes
Variable Size9663677568bytesDatabase Buffers 8.4289E+10bytes
Redo Buffers112766976bytesDatabasemounted.
SQL> ALTER DATABASE CONVERT TOPHYSICAL STANDBY;Databasealtered.
SQL> shutdownimmediate;
ORA-01507: database notmounted
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL>startup ;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area9.4067E+10bytes
Fixed Size2263936bytes
Variable Size9663677568bytesDatabase Buffers 8.4289E+10bytes
Redo Buffers112766976bytesDatabasemounted.Databaseopened.
##此时备库的数据已经恢复到转变snapshot standby时间点
SQL> select database_role,open_mode,db_unique_name,flashback_on from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE OPEN_MODE DB_UNIQUE_NAME FLASHBACK_ON---------------- -------------------- ------------------------------ ------------------
PHYSICAL STANDBY READ ONLYtestdbms NO
SQL> select * fromscott.emp;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 1980-12-17 00:00:00 800 20
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 1981-02-20 00:00:00 1600 300 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 1981-02-22 00:00:00 1250 500 30
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 1981-04-02 00:00:00 2975 20
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 1981-09-28 00:00:00 1250 1400 30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 1981-05-01 00:00:00 2850 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 1981-06-09 00:00:00 2450 10
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 1987-04-19 00:00:00 3000 20
7839 KING PRESIDENT 1981-11-17 00:00:00 5000 10
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 1981-09-08 00:00:00 1500 0 30
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 1987-05-23 00:00:00 1100 20
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 1981-12-03 00:00:00 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 1981-12-03 00:00:00 3000 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 1982-01-23 00:00:00 1300 10
14rows selected.
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using currentlogfile disconnect;Databasealtered.
SQL> select * fromscott.t;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC ADDR---------- -------------- ------------- ------------------------------
10ACCOUNTING NEW YORK20RESEARCH DALLAS30SALES CHICAGO
SQL> select database_role,open_mode,db_unique_name,flashback_on from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE OPEN_MODE DB_UNIQUE_NAME FLASHBACK_ON---------------- -------------------- ------------------------------ ------------------
PHYSICAL STANDBY READ ONLY WITHAPPLY testdbms NO
(5)闪回归档(增加、修改、重命名、删除表的列、truncate表、修改表的约束、以及修改分区表的分区规范)
3、闪回注意事项
(1)数据库闪回需要在mounted下进行,并且open时需要使用resetlogs
(2)闪回DROP只能用于非系统表空间和本地管理的表空间,外键约束无法恢复,对方覆盖、重命名需注意
(3)表DROP,对应的物化视图会被彻底删除,物化视图不会存放在recyclebin里
(4)闪回表,如果在做过dml,然后进行了表结构修改、truncate等DDL操作,新增/删除结构无法做闪回
(5)闪回归档,必须在assm管理tablespace和undo auto管理下进行
(6)注意闪回区管理,防止磁盘爆满,闪回区空间不足等
(7)主库做库的闪回,会影响备库,需要重新同步
(8)snapshot standby 不支持最高保护模式
三、备注
1、相关数据字典
V$FLASHBACK_DATABASE_LOG ##查看数据库可闪回的时间点/SCN等信息
V$flashback_database_stat ##查看闪回日志空间记录信息
2、常用查询语句
(1)查看数据库状态
SQL> select NAME,OPEN_MODE ,DATABASE_ROLE,CURRENT_SCN,FLASHBACK_ON from v$database;
NAME OPEN_MODE DATABASE_ROLE CURRENT_SCN FLASHBACK_ON------------- -------------------- ---------------- ----------- ------------------
TESTDB READ WRITE PRIMARY 16812246 YES
(2)获取当前数据库的系统时间和SCN
SQL> select to_char(systimestamp,'yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS') as sysdt , dbms_flashback.get_system_change_number scn fromdual;
SYSDT SCN------------------- ----------
2017-12-14 14:28:33 16813234
(3)查看数据库可恢复的时间点
SQL> select * fromV$FLASHBACK_DATABASE_LOG;
OLDEST_FLASHBACK_SCN OLDEST_FLASHBACK_TI RETENTION_TARGET FLASHBACK_SIZE ESTIMATED_FLASHBACK_SIZE-------------------- ------------------- ---------------- -------------- ------------------------
16801523 2017-12-14 11:35:05 4320 104857600 244113408
(4)查看闪回日志空间情况
SQL> select * fromV$flashback_database_stat;
BEGIN_TIME END_TIME FLASHBACK_DATA DB_DATA REDO_DATA ESTIMATED_FLASHBACK_SIZE------------------- ------------------- -------------- ---------- ---------- ------------------------
2017-12-14 14:34:53 2017-12-14 14:56:43 1703936 9977856 1487872 0
(5)SCN和timestamp装换关系查询
select scn,to_char(time_dp,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')from sys.smon_scn_time;
(6)查看闪回restore_point
select scn, STORAGE_SIZE ,to_char(time,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') time,NAME from v$restore_point;
(7)闪回语句
a.闪回数据库
FLASHBACK DATABASE TO TIMESTAMP to_timestamp('2017-12-14 14:28:33','yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS');;
flashback database to scn 16813234;
b.闪回DROP
其中table_name可以是删除表名称,也可以是别名
flashback table table_name to before drop;
flashback table table_name to before drop rename to table_name_new;
c.闪回表
flashback table table_name to scn scn_number;
flashback table table_name to timestamp to_timestamp('2017-12-14 14:28:33','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss');
d.闪回查询
select * from table_name as of timestamp to_timestamp('2017-12-14 14:28:33','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss');
select * from scott.dept as of scn 16801523;
e.闪回快照
create restore point before_201712151111 guarantee flashback database;
flashback database to restore point before_201712151111;
(7)闪回空间爆满问题处理