计算机语言学导论,第一章语言学导论解析.doc

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第一章语言学导论Chapter1InvitationstoLinguisticsLinguisticsisnowadayscomingintowideusewithcombinationoftheoriesandpracticeaswellaslinguisticsandotherdisciplines.Linguisticsisofgreatusewithverywideapplication.—人工智能，人机对话，机器翻译Theresearchoflinguisticshasalreadygonebeyondlanguageitself.DefinitionofLinguisticsHowdoyoudefinelinguistics?Whatislinguistics?——Linguisticscanbedefinedasthescientificorsystematicstudyoflanguage.Itisascienceinthesensethatitscientificallystudiestherules,systemsandprinciplesofhumanlanguage.Whatarewegoingtolearnaboutlinguistics?Itisgenerallyagreedthatlinguisticsshouldincludeatleastfiveparameters,namely,

phonological,morphological,

syntactic,semanticand

pragmatic.

These

canbecalled

microlinguistics.

语音学(phonetics);音系学(phonology);形态学(morphology);句法学(syntax)

—Schoolsof

ModernLinguistics

现代语言学派别

;语义学(semantics);

语用学(pragmatics)(chapter2-6)

2.Macrolinguistics——interdisciplinarylearning

Saussure,father

ofmodern

linguistics(现代语言学之父

)wereintendedtoestablishthe

autonomyoflinguistics,givingitawell-definedsubjectofstudyandfreeingitfromrelianceon

otherdisciplines.However,theinteractivelinksbetween

linguistics

andothersciencesare

developingfast.

只管索绪尔的目的是赐予语言学自主性，给它定义明确的研究对象，将它从对其他学科的依靠中解放出来。但是，随着时间的推移，语言学和其他学科的联系越来越亲密。PsycholinguisticsPsycholinguistics,asimpliedbythename,isthestudyofpsychologicalaspectsoflanguage.Itusuallystudiesthepsychologicalstatesandmentalactivityassociatedwiththeuseoflanguage.心理语言学，顾名思义，是对语言的心理方面的研究，它往常研究的是与语言使用有关的心理状态和心理活动。比方语言习得，语言的理解，语言的生成等等。(chapter9/chapter11)SociolinguisticsSociolinguistics,asimpliedbythename,attemptstoshowtherelationshipbetweenlanguageandsociety.Sociolinguisticsattemptstolookatlanguagestructuresbypayingattentiontolanguageuseinasocialcontextandontheotherhandtriestounderstandsociologicalthingsofsocietybyexamininglinguisticphenomenaofaspeakingcommunity.这就是社会与语言的关系，一方面经过社会语境中语言使用情况的检查认识语言构造的问题，另一方面又经过语言现象的剖析认识社会组成的问题。ResearchFocus1Cross-culturalCommunicationThereexistsacloserela