oracle数据字典详解6,oracle数据字典详解

学习笔记:oracle数据字典详解

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本文为TTT学习笔记,首先介绍数据字典及查看方法,然后分类总结各类数据字典的表和视图。然后列出一些附例。

数据字典系统表,保存在system表空间中。

由表和视图组成,由服务器在安装数据库时自动创建,用户不可以直接修改数据库字典,在执行DDL语句时,oracle会自动修改。

记录一些表和视图(只读的),新建的表不要和这空间建在一起(9i以前的版本新用户建的表默认表空间为system,注意修改)

--查询数据字典:

select * from dictionary

--数据字典导出方法:

conn / as sysdba

spool on

spool c:\dic.txt

select * from dictionary

spool off

主要四部分:

1,内部RDBMS表:x$……

2,数据字典表:……$

3,动态性能视图:gv$……,v$……

4,数据字典视图:user_……,all_……,dba_……

数据库启动时,动态创建x$,在X$基础上创建GV$,在GV$基础上创建V$X$表-->GV$(视图)--->V$(视图)

+++

一,内部RDBMS表 x$……,例如:x$kvit,x$bh,x$ksmsp,x$ksppi和x$ksppcv

核心部分,用于跟踪内部数据库信息,维持DB的正常运行。

是加密命名的,不允许sysdba以外的用户直接访问,显示授权不被允许。最好不要修改.

x$kvit=Kernel Layer Performance Layer V Information tables Transitory Instance parameter

数据库启动时,动态创建x$……

+++

二,数据字典表 ……$,如tab$,obj$,ts$……

--用来存储表、索引、约束以及其他数据库结构的信息。

--创建数据库时通过脚本sql.bsq来创建,脚本:$oracle_home/rdbms/admin/sql.bsq

+++

三,动态性能视图 gv$……,v$……,如V$parameter

--记录了DB运行时信息和统计数据,大部分动态性能视图被实时更新以反映DB当前状态。

--数据库创建时建立的。

--只有sysdba可以直接访问。

--查看表v$fixed_view_definition(***),可以查看GV$和V$视图的创建语句。(oracle提供一些特殊视图,用来记录其他视图的创建方式,v$fixed_view_definition就是其中之一)

--select view_definition from v$fixed_view_definition where view_name='V$FIXED_TABLE';

--gv$……=Global V$,在X$……基础上创建,是为了满足OPS环境(多个实例)的需要面产生的,可以返回多个实例的信息。

V$……,在GV$……基础上创建,只返回当前实例的信息。定义语句都带有:where inst_id =USERENV('Instance')

--GV$和V$之后,oracle建立了GV_$和V_$视图,又为这些视图建立了公用同义词。由脚本catalog.sql实现的,脚本 :$oracle_home/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql

create or replace view v_$process as select * from v$process;

create or replace public synonym v$process for v_$process;

create or replace view gv_$process as select * from gv$process;

create or replace public synonym gv$process for gv_$process;

-->可以看出:

V$(视图)-->V_$(视图)-->V$(公用同义词)

GV$(视图)-->GV_$(视图)-->GV$(公用同义词)

这样做的目的:通过V_$和GV_$,oracle把V$视图和GV视图和普通用户隔离开来。(oracle允许V_$视图权限可以授权给其他用户,但不允许任何对于V$视图的直接授权。)

所以,在非Sys用户下,我们访问的都是同义词,而不是V$视图或GV视图。

--oracle访问数据顺序:view-->同义词。

+++

四,数据库字典视图

--是在X$表和数据字典表之上建立的视图。

--创建数据库时由脚本catalog.sql创建。脚本 :$oracle_home/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql

--按前缀不同,作用范围的分为三类:

1、以user开头的数据字典: 包含当前用户所拥有的相关对象信息。--能够查到对象的所有者是当前用户的所有对象

select table_name from user_tables;  (scott) 5

2、以all开头的数据字典:  包含当前用户有权限访问的所有对象的信息。--能够查到所有当前用户有权限访问的对象

select table_name from all_tables;  (scott) 96

3、以dba开头的数据字典:  包含数据库所有相关对象的信息。--只能是有dba权限的用户查询,能查到数据库中所有对象

select table_name from dba_tables (sys system)

+++

附:

比较user,all,dba数据字典视图

各数据字典表数量比较

表Dictionary与V$fixed_table比较

通过V$parameter视图来追踪一下数据库的架构

oracle如何通过同义词定位对象(10046事件)

+++

比较user,all,dba数据字典视图

---

可以查看脚本catalog.sql中的定义:

+++

--USER_TABLES

create or replace view USER_TABLES

(TABLE_NAME, TABLESPACE_NAME, CLUSTER_NAME, IOT_NAME, STATUS,

PCT_FREE, PCT_USED,

INI_TRANS, MAX_TRANS,

INITIAL_EXTENT, NEXT_EXTENT,

MIN_EXTENTS, MAX_EXTENTS, PCT_INCREASE,

FREELISTS, FREELIST_GROUPS, LOGGING,

BACKED_UP, NUM_ROWS, BLOCKS, EMPTY_BLOCKS,

AVG_SPACE, CHAIN_CNT, AVG_ROW_LEN,

AVG_SPACE_FREELIST_BLOCKS, NUM_FREELIST_BLOCKS,

DEGREE, INSTANCES, CACHE, TABLE_LOCK,

SAMPLE_SIZE, LAST_ANALYZED, PARTITIONED,

IOT_TYPE, TEMPORARY, SECONDARY, NESTED,

BUFFER_POOL, ROW_MOVEMENT,

GLOBAL_STATS, USER_STATS, DURATION, SKIP_CORRUPT, MONITORING,

CLUSTER_OWNER, DEPENDENCIES, COMPRESSION, DROPPED)

as

select o.name, decode(bitand(t.property, 2151678048), 0, ts.name, null),

decode(bitand(t.property, 1024), 0, null, co.name),

decode((bitand(t.property, 512)+bitand(t.flags, 536870912)),

0, null, co.name),

decode(bitand(t.trigflag, 1073741824), 1073741824, 'UNUSABLE', 'VALID'),

decode(bitand(t.property, 32+64), 0, mod(t.pctfree$, 100), 64, 0, null),

decode(bitand(ts.flags, 32), 32, to_number(NULL),

decode(bitand(t.property, 32+64), 0, t.pctused$, 64, 0, null)),

decode(bitand(t.property, 32), 0, t.initrans, null),

decode(bitand(t.property, 32), 0, t.maxtrans, null),

s.iniexts * ts.blocksize,

decode(bitand(ts.flags, 3), 1, to_number(NULL),

s.extsize * ts.blocksize),

s.minexts, s.maxexts,

decode(bitand(ts.flags, 3), 1, to_number(NULL),

s.extpct),

decode(bitand(ts.flags, 32), 32, to_number(NULL),

decode(bitand(o.flags, 2), 2, 1, decode(s.lists, 0, 1, s.lists))),

decode(bitand(ts.flags, 32), 32, to_number(NULL),

decode(bitand(o.flags, 2), 2, 1, decode(s.groups, 0, 1, s.groups))),

decode(bitand(t.property, 32+64), 0,

decode(bitand(t.flags, 32), 0, 'YES', 'NO'), null),

decode(bitand(t.flags,1), 0, 'Y', 1, 'N', '?'),

t.rowcnt,

decode(bitand(t.property, 64), 0, t.blkcnt, null),

decode(bitand(t.property, 64), 0, t.empcnt, null),

decode(bitand(t.property, 64), 0, t.avgspc, null),

t.chncnt, t.avgrln, t.avgspc_flb,

decode(bitand(t.property, 64), 0, t.flbcnt, null),

lpad(decode(t.degree, 32767, 'DEFAULT', nvl(t.degree,1)),10),

lpad(decode(t.instances, 32767, 'DEFAULT', nvl(t.instances,1)),10),

lpad(decode(bitand(t.flags, 8), 8, 'Y', 'N'),5),

decode(bitand(t.flags, 6), 0, 'ENABLED', 'DISABLED'),

t.samplesize, t.analyzetime,

decode(bitand(t.property, 32), 32, 'YES', 'NO'),

decode(bitand(t.property, 64), 64, 'IOT',

decode(bitand(t.property, 512), 512, 'IOT_OVERFLOW',

decode(bitand(t.flags, 536870912), 536870912, 'IOT_MAPPING', null))),

decode(bitand(o.flags, 2), 0, 'N', 2, 'Y', 'N'),

decode(bitand(o.flags, 16), 0, 'N', 16, 'Y', 'N'),

decode(bitand(t.property, 8192), 8192, 'YES',

decode(bitand(t.property, 1), 0, 'NO', 'YES')),

decode(bitand(o.flags, 2), 2, 'DEFAULT',

decode(s.cachehint, 0, 'DEFAULT', 1, 'KEEP', 2, 'RECYCLE', NULL)),

decode(bitand(t.flags, 131072), 131072, 'ENABLED', 'DISABLED'),

decode(bitand(t.flags, 512), 0, 'NO', 'YES'),

decode(bitand(t.flags, 256), 0, 'NO', 'YES'),

decode(bitand(o.flags, 2), 0, NULL,

decode(bitand(t.property, 8388608), 8388608,

'SYS$SESSION', 'SYS$TRANSACTION')),

decode(bitand(t.flags, 1024), 1024, 'ENABLED', 'DISABLED'),

decode(bitand(o.flags, 2), 2, 'NO',

decode(bitand(t.property, 2147483648), 2147483648, 'NO',

decode(ksppcv.ksppstvl, 'TRUE', 'YES', 'NO'))),

decode(bitand(t.property, 1024), 0, null, cu.name),

decode(bitand(t.flags, 8388608), 8388608, 'ENABLED', 'DISABLED'),

decode(bitand(t.property, 32), 32, null,

decode(bitand(s.spare1, 2048), 2048, 'ENABLED', 'DISABLED')),

decode(bitand(o.flags, 128), 128, 'YES', 'NO')

from sys.ts$ ts, sys.seg$ s, sys.obj$ co, sys.tab$ t, sys.obj$ o,

sys.obj$ cx, sys.user$ cu, x$ksppcv ksppcv, x$ksppi ksppi

where o.owner# = userenv('SCHEMAID')

and o.obj# = t.obj#

and bitand(t.property, 1) = 0

and bitand(o.flags, 128) = 0

and t.bobj# = co.obj# (+)

and t.ts# = ts.ts#

and t.file# = s.file# (+)

and t.block# = s.block# (+)

and t.ts# = s.ts# (+)

and t.dataobj# = cx.obj# (+)

and cx.owner# = cu.user# (+)

and ksppi.indx = ksppcv.indx

and ksppi.ksppinm = '_dml_monitoring_enabled'

--可以看到限制条件:where o.owner# = userenv('SCHEMAID')

+++

--USER_ALL_TABLES

create or replace view USER_ALL_TABLES

(TABLE_NAME, TABLESPACE_NAME, CLUSTER_NAME, IOT_NAME, STATUS,

PCT_FREE, PCT_USED,

INI_TRANS, MAX_TRANS,

INITIAL_EXTENT, NEXT_EXTENT,

MIN_EXTENTS, MAX_EXTENTS, PCT_INCREASE,

FREELISTS, FREELIST_GROUPS, LOGGING,

BACKED_UP, NUM_ROWS, BLOCKS, EMPTY_BLOCKS,

AVG_SPACE, CHAIN_CNT, AVG_ROW_LEN,

AVG_SPACE_FREELIST_BLOCKS, NUM_FREELIST_BLOCKS,

DEGREE, INSTANCES, CACHE, TABLE_LOCK,

SAMPLE_SIZE, LAST_ANALYZED, PARTITIONED,

IOT_TYPE, OBJECT_ID_TYPE,

TABLE_TYPE_OWNER, TABLE_TYPE, TEMPORARY, SECONDARY, NESTED,

BUFFER_POOL, ROW_MOVEMENT,

GLOBAL_STATS, USER_STATS, DURATION, SKIP_CORRUPT, MONITORING,

CLUSTER_OWNER, DEPENDENCIES, COMPRESSION, DROPPED)

as

select TABLE_NAME, TABLESPACE_NAME, CLUSTER_NAME, IOT_NAME, STATUS,

PCT_FREE, PCT_USED,

INI_TRANS, MAX_TRANS,

INITIAL_EXTENT, NEXT_EXTENT,

MIN_EXTENTS, MAX_EXTENTS, PCT_INCREASE,

FREELISTS, FREELIST_GROUPS, LOGGING,

BACKED_UP, NUM_ROWS, BLOCKS, EMPTY_BLOCKS,

AVG_SPACE, CHAIN_CNT, AVG_ROW_LEN,

AVG_SPACE_FREELIST_BLOCKS, NUM_FREELIST_BLOCKS,

DEGREE, INSTANCES, CACHE, TABLE_LOCK,

SAMPLE_SIZE, LAST_ANALYZED, PARTITIONED,

IOT_TYPE,

NULL, NULL, NULL, TEMPORARY, SECONDARY, NESTED,

BUFFER_POOL, ROW_MOVEMENT,

GLOBAL_STATS, USER_STATS, DURATION, SKIP_CORRUPT, MONITORING,

CLUSTER_OWNER, DEPENDENCIES, COMPRESSION, DROPPED

from user_tables

union all

select TABLE_NAME, TABLESPACE_NAME, CLUSTER_NAME, IOT_NAME, STATUS,

PCT_FREE, PCT_USED,

INI_TRANS, MAX_TRANS,

INITIAL_EXTENT, NEXT_EXTENT,

MIN_EXTENTS, MAX_EXTENTS, PCT_INCREASE,

FREELISTS, FREELIST_GROUPS, LOGGING,

BACKED_UP, NUM_ROWS, BLOCKS, EMPTY_BLOCKS,

AVG_SPACE, CHAIN_CNT, AVG_ROW_LEN,

AVG_SPACE_FREELIST_BLOCKS, NUM_FREELIST_BLOCKS,

DEGREE, INSTANCES, CACHE, TABLE_LOCK,

SAMPLE_SIZE, LAST_ANALYZED, PARTITIONED,

IOT_TYPE, OBJECT_ID_TYPE,

TABLE_TYPE_OWNER, TABLE_TYPE, TEMPORARY, SECONDARY, NESTED,

BUFFER_POOL, ROW_MOVEMENT,

GLOBAL_STATS, USER_STATS, DURATION, SKIP_CORRUPT, MONITORING,

CLUSTER_OWNER, DEPENDENCIES, COMPRESSION, DROPPED

from user_object_tables

--扩展了关于用户有权限访问的对象信息,所以user_tables是all_tables的子集。

+++

--DBA_tables

create or replace view DBA_TABLES

(OWNER, TABLE_NAME, TABLESPACE_NAME, CLUSTER_NAME, IOT_NAME, STATUS,

PCT_FREE, PCT_USED,

INI_TRANS, MAX_TRANS,

INITIAL_EXTENT, NEXT_EXTENT,

MIN_EXTENTS, MAX_EXTENTS, PCT_INCREASE,

FREELISTS, FREELIST_GROUPS, LOGGING,

BACKED_UP, NUM_ROWS, BLOCKS, EMPTY_BLOCKS,

AVG_SPACE, CHAIN_CNT, AVG_ROW_LEN,

AVG_SPACE_FREELIST_BLOCKS, NUM_FREELIST_BLOCKS,

DEGREE, INSTANCES, CACHE, TABLE_LOCK,

SAMPLE_SIZE, LAST_ANALYZED, PARTITIONED,

IOT_TYPE, TEMPORARY, SECONDARY, NESTED,

BUFFER_POOL, ROW_MOVEMENT,

GLOBAL_STATS, USER_STATS, DURATION, SKIP_CORRUPT, MONITORING,

CLUSTER_OWNER, DEPENDENCIES, COMPRESSION, DROPPED)

as

select u.name, o.name, decode(bitand(t.property,2151678048), 0, ts.name, null),

decode(bitand(t.property, 1024), 0, null, co.name),

decode((bitand(t.property, 512)+bitand(t.flags, 536870912)),

0, null, co.name),

decode(bitand(t.trigflag, 1073741824), 1073741824, 'UNUSABLE', 'VALID'),

decode(bitand(t.property, 32+64), 0, mod(t.pctfree$, 100), 64, 0, null),

decode(bitand(ts.flags, 32), 32, to_number(NULL),

decode(bitand(t.property, 32+64), 0, t.pctused$, 64, 0, null)),

decode(bitand(t.property, 32), 0, t.initrans, null),

decode(bitand(t.property, 32), 0, t.maxtrans, null),

s.iniexts * ts.blocksize,

decode(bitand(ts.flags, 3), 1, to_number(NULL),

s.extsize * ts.blocksize),

s.minexts, s.maxexts,

decode(bitand(ts.flags, 3), 1, to_number(NULL),

s.extpct),

decode(bitand(ts.flags, 32), 32, to_number(NULL),

decode(bitand(o.flags, 2), 2, 1, decode(s.lists, 0, 1, s.lists))),

decode(bitand(ts.flags, 32), 32, to_number(NULL),

decode(bitand(o.flags, 2), 2, 1, decode(s.groups, 0, 1, s.groups))),

decode(bitand(t.property, 32+64), 0,

decode(bitand(t.flags, 32), 0, 'YES', 'NO'), null),

decode(bitand(t.flags,1), 0, 'Y', 1, 'N', '?'),

t.rowcnt,

decode(bitand(t.property, 64), 0, t.blkcnt, null),

decode(bitand(t.property, 64), 0, t.empcnt, null),

t.avgspc, t.chncnt, t.avgrln, t.avgspc_flb,

decode(bitand(t.property, 64), 0, t.flbcnt, null),

lpad(decode(t.degree, 32767, 'DEFAULT', nvl(t.degree,1)),10),

lpad(decode(t.instances, 32767, 'DEFAULT', nvl(t.instances,1)),10),

lpad(decode(bitand(t.flags, 8), 8, 'Y', 'N'),5),

decode(bitand(t.flags, 6), 0, 'ENABLED', 'DISABLED'),

t.samplesize, t.analyzetime,

decode(bitand(t.property, 32), 32, 'YES', 'NO'),

decode(bitand(t.property, 64), 64, 'IOT',

decode(bitand(t.property, 512), 512, 'IOT_OVERFLOW',

decode(bitand(t.flags, 536870912), 536870912, 'IOT_MAPPING', null))),

decode(bitand(o.flags, 2), 0, 'N', 2, 'Y', 'N'),

decode(bitand(o.flags, 16), 0, 'N', 16, 'Y', 'N'),

decode(bitand(t.property, 8192), 8192, 'YES',

decode(bitand(t.property, 1), 0, 'NO', 'YES')),

decode(bitand(o.flags, 2), 2, 'DEFAULT',

decode(s.cachehint, 0, 'DEFAULT', 1, 'KEEP', 2, 'RECYCLE', NULL)),

decode(bitand(t.flags, 131072), 131072, 'ENABLED', 'DISABLED'),

decode(bitand(t.flags, 512), 0, 'NO', 'YES'),

decode(bitand(t.flags, 256), 0, 'NO', 'YES'),

decode(bitand(o.flags, 2), 0, NULL,

decode(bitand(t.property, 8388608), 8388608,

'SYS$SESSION', 'SYS$TRANSACTION')),

decode(bitand(t.flags, 1024), 1024, 'ENABLED', 'DISABLED'),

decode(bitand(o.flags, 2), 2, 'NO',

decode(bitand(t.property, 2147483648), 2147483648, 'NO',

decode(ksppcv.ksppstvl, 'TRUE', 'YES', 'NO'))),

decode(bitand(t.property, 1024), 0, null, cu.name),

decode(bitand(t.flags, 8388608), 8388608, 'ENABLED', 'DISABLED'),

decode(bitand(t.property, 32), 32, null,

decode(bitand(s.spare1, 2048), 2048, 'ENABLED', 'DISABLED')),

decode(bitand(o.flags, 128), 128, 'YES', 'NO')

from sys.user$ u, sys.ts$ ts, sys.seg$ s, sys.obj$ co, sys.tab$ t, sys.obj$ o,

sys.obj$ cx, sys.user$ cu, x$ksppcv ksppcv, x$ksppi ksppi

where o.owner# = u.user#

and o.obj# = t.obj#

and bitand(t.property, 1) = 0

and bitand(o.flags, 128) = 0

and t.bobj# = co.obj# (+)

and t.ts# = ts.ts#

and t.file# = s.file# (+)

and t.block# = s.block# (+)

and t.ts# = s.ts# (+)

and t.dataobj# = cx.obj# (+)

and cx.owner# = cu.user# (+)

and ksppi.indx = ksppcv.indx

and ksppi.ksppinm = '_dml_monitoring_enabled'

--返回数据库中所有表的信息

+++

各数据字典表数量比较:可以从V$fixed_table中查询。

(以下为oracle10g单机数据库,定制DB)

SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER

----------------------------------------------------------------

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Prod

PL/SQL Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

CORE    10.2.0.1.0      Production

TNS for 32-bit Windows: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

NLSRTL Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

SQL> select count(*) from v$fixed_table where name like 'X$%';

COUNT(*)

----------

613

SQL> select count(*) from v$fixed_table where name like 'GV$%';

COUNT(*)

----------

372

SQL> select count(*) from v$fixed_table where name like 'V$%';

COUNT(*)

----------

396

--这里:X%+GV$+V$=613+372+396=1381

SQL> select count(*) from v$fixed_table;

COUNT(*)

----------

1383

--一般情况下,这里会=X%+GV$+V$,但现在不等,我们看一下有什么其他的表:

SQL> select substr(name,1,2) from v$fixed_table group by substr(name,1,2);

SUBS

----

X$

V$

O$

GO

GV

--可以看出,多出两个前缀分别是O$,GO的两类表,应该每种只有一个:

SQL> select name from v$fixed_table where name like 'O$%';

NAME

------------------------------

O$SQL_BIND_CAPTURE

SQL> select name from v$fixed_table where name like 'GO%';

NAME

------------------------------

GO$SQL_BIND_CAPTURE

SQL>

--此外,一般情况下GV$=V$,但现在GV$=396,V$=372个,我们看一下GV$都多出什么表了:

SQL> select max(a.name_max) from (select length(name) as name_max from v$fixed_t

able where name like 'GV$%' or name like 'V$%') a;

MAX(A.NAME_MAX)

---------------

30

select a.gv_name,b.v_name from

(select substr(name,4,30) GV_name from v$fixed_table where substr(name,1,3)='GV$') a,

(select substr(name,3,30) V_name from v$fixed_table where substr(name,1,2)='V$') b

where a.GV_name=b.V_name(+)

and b.v_name is null

???

+++

表Dictionary与V$fixed_table比较(没有什么用处~~)

---

SQL> select count(*) from dictionary;

COUNT(*)

----------

1870

SQL> select count(*) from v$fixed_table;

COUNT(*)

----------

1383

--两表综合比较:

Dic有,Fixed无--1112

Dic无,Fixed有--625

dictionary中GV$-368 V$-398

V$fixed_table中GV$-372 V$-396

--两表中GV$比较:

Dic有,Fixed无

GV$SQL_BIND_CAPTURE

GV$AQ

GV$TEMPSEG_USAGE

Dic无,Fixed有

GV$_LOCK1

GV$_RESUMABLE2

GV$RMAN_STATUS_CURRENT

GV$_SEQUENCES

GV$DB_TRANSPORTABLE_PLATFORM

GV$RMAN_ENCRYPTION_ALGORITHMS

GV$TRANSPORTABLE_PLATFORM

--两表中V$表比较

Dic有,Fixed无

V$AQ

V$TEMPSEG_USAGE

V$SQL_BIND_CAPTURE

V$BACKUP_FILES

V$ROLLNAME

Dic无,Fixed有

V$_LOCK1

V$RMAN_ENCRYPTION_ALGORITHMS

V$_SEQUENCES

+++

通过V$parameter视图来追踪一下数据库的架构

1,V$parameter的结构:

SQL> select view_definition from v$fixed_view_definition where view_name='V$PARA

METER';

VIEW_DEFINITION

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

select  NUM , NAME , TYPE , VALUE , DISPLAY_VALUE, ISDEFAULT , ISSES_MODIFIABLE

, ISSYS_MODIFIABLE , ISINSTANCE_MODIFIABLE, ISMODIFIED , ISADJUSTED , ISDEPRECAT

ED, DESCRIPTION, UPDATE_COMMENT, HASH  from GV$PARAMETER where inst_id = USERENV

('Instance')

--可以看出V$parameter是由GV$parameter创建的

SQL> select view_definition from v$fixed_view_definition where view_name='GV$PAR

AMETER';

VIEW_DEFINITION

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

select x.inst_id,x.indx+1,ksppinm,ksppity,ksppstvl, ksppstdvl, ksppstdf,  decode

(bitand(ksppiflg/256,1),1,'TRUE','FALSE'),  decode(bitand(ksppiflg/65536,3),1,'I

MMEDIATE',2,'DEFERRED',                                  3,'IMMEDIATE','FALSE'),

decode(bitand(ksppiflg,4),4,'FALSE',                                     decod

e(bitand(ksppiflg/65536,3), 0, 'FALSE', 'TRUE')),     decode(bitand(ksppstvf,7),

1,'MODIFIED',4,'SYSTEM_MOD','FALSE'),  decode(bitand(ksppstvf,2),2,'TRUE','FALSE

'),  decode(bitand(ksppilrmflg/64, 1), 1, 'TRUE', 'FALSE'),  ksppdesc, ksppstcmn

t, ksppihash  from x$ksppi x, x$ksppcv y where (x.indx = y.indx) and  ((translat

e(ksppinm,'_','#') not like '##%') and    ((translate(ksppinm,'_','#') not like

'#%')      or (ksppstdf = 'FALSE') or      (bitand(ksppstvf,5) > 0)))

--可以看出GV$parameter是由x$ksppi和x$ksppcv两个x$创建的

--x$ksppi和x$ksppcv基本上包含所有数据库参数,GV$parameter展现的是不包含“_”开头的参数

--“_”开头的参数为隐含参数,不建议修改,也少有人知,但很多隐含参数因为功能强大而经常使用,并不段的被探索和研究。

+++

oracle如何通过同义词定位对象(10046事件)

如果愿意的话,我们可以进一步来进行追溯,使用 10046事件,我们可以看到更多的东西。

通过 10046事件跟踪查询:

[oracle@jumper udump]$ sqlplus eygle/eygle

SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Jun 13 18:29:22 2005

Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation.    All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production

With the Partitioning option

JServer Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production

SQL> alter session set events '10046 trace name context forever,level 12';

Session altered.

SQL> select count(*) from v$parameter;

COUNT(*)

----------

262

SQL> exit

Disconnected from Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production

With the Partitioning option

JServer Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production

--查看生成的跟踪文件

10046 事件的使用请参考:

Ok,在这里我们不要使用 tkprof格式化,因为 tkprof可能会隐去重要信息(本文仅摘取几段重要跟踪信息,你完全可以通过实验获得相同的输出):

第一段重要代码是:

PARSING IN CURSOR #2 len=198 dep=1 uid=0 oct=3 lid=0 tim=1092440257023120 hv=2703824309 ad='567681f0'

select obj#,type#,ctime,mtime,stime,status,dataobj#,flags,oid$, spare1, spare2 from obj$ where owner#=:1 and name=:2 and

namespace=:3 and remoteowner is null and linkname is null and subname is null

END OF STMT

PARSE #2:c=0,e=1601,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=1,r=0,dep=1,og=0,tim=1092440257023088

BINDS #2:

bind 0: dty=2 mxl=22(22) mal=00 scl=00 pre=00 oacflg=08 oacfl2=1 size=24 offset=0

bfp=b701cf24 bln=22 avl=02 flg=05

value=25

bind 1: dty=1 mxl=32(11) mal=00 scl=00 pre=00 oacflg=18 oacfl2=1 size=32 offset=0

bfp=b701c7b4 bln=32 avl=11 flg=05

value="V$PARAMETER"

bind 2: dty=2 mxl=22(22) mal=00 scl=00 pre=00 oacflg=08 oacfl2=1 size=24 offset=0

bfp=b701c790 bln=24 avl=02 flg=05

value=1

Oracle 根据三个传入参数 owner#=25,name=V$PARAMETER,namespace=1,来判断对象类型,按照表、视图优

先规则来定位判断,对于本例这个查询是不会有结果的。

接下来 Oracle 继续判断,那么此时需要验证同一词了:

PARSING IN CURSOR #4 len=46 dep=1 uid=0 oct=3 lid=0 tim=1092440257028409 hv=3378994511 ad='576eb040'

select node,owner,name from syn$ where obj#=:1

END OF STMT

PARSE #4:c=0,e=1278,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=1,r=0,dep=1,og=0,tim=1092440257028379

BINDS #4:

bind 0: dty=2 mxl=22(22) mal=00 scl=00 pre=00 oacflg=08 oacfl2=1 size=24 offset=0

bfp=b701b3cc bln=22 avl=03 flg=05

value=841

传入绑定变量值是 841,我们看看 841 是什么:

SQL> select object_name,object_id,object_type from dba_objects where object_id=841;

OBJECT_NAME                     OBJECT_ID OBJECT_TYPE

------------------------------                 ----------   ------------------

V$PARAMETER                           841 SYNONYM

841 正是这个同义词,我们再继续看这个递归 SQL 的作用:

SQL> select node,owner,name from syn$ where obj#=841;

NODE     OWNER                          NAME

-------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------

SYS                            V_$PARAMETER

原来这个 SQL 获得的是同义词的底层对象,这里得到了 V_$PARAMETER。

我们继续向下看:

PARSING IN CURSOR #8 len=37 dep=1 uid=0 oct=3 lid=0 tim=1092440257074273 hv=3468666020 ad='576db210'

select text from view$ where rowid=:1

END OF STMT

PARSE #8:c=0,e=1214,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=1,r=0,dep=1,og=0,tim=1092440257074242

BINDS #8:

bind 0: dty=11 mxl=16(16) mal=00 scl=00 pre=00 oacflg=18 oacfl2=1 size=16 offset=0

bfp=b7018770 bln=16 avl=16 flg=05

value=000001CD.0013.0001

EXEC #8:c=0,e=972,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=0,r=0,dep=1,og=4,tim=1092440257075602

注意这里,Oracle 执行查询访问 view$视图,获得视图定义文本,我们看一下这里访问的是什么对象,绑定变

量传入的 rowid 值为000001CD.0013.0001,注意这是个受限 rowid,查询时需要转换一下处理:

SQL> select obj# from view$ where dbms_rowid.rowid_to_restricted(rowid,0) = '000001CD.0013.0001';

OBJ#

----------

840

SQL> select object_name,object_type from dba_objects where object_id=840;

OBJECT_NAME                    OBJECT_TYPE

------------------------------ ------------------

V_$PARAMETER                   VIEW

这里 Oracle访问的正是 V_$PARAMETER 视图的定义方式。执行查询可以得到:

select text from view$ where obj#=840;

TEXT

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

select

"NUM","NAME","TYPE","VALUE","ISDEFAULT","ISSES_MODIFIABLE","ISSYS_MODIFIABLE","ISMODIFIED","ISADJUSTE

D","DESCRIPTION","UPDATE_COMMENT" from v$parameter

至此就完成了查询中的回溯及定位,当然,实际过程中 Oracle 后台的递归操作比这还要复杂的多,感兴趣的

朋友可以按照文中的方法测试研究一下,文中不再赘述。

--sql语句中oracle对于对象名的解析顺序:

--用户表/视图-->私有同义词-->公共同义词-->返回错误ora-00942

参考一:盖国强之

参考二:张云河老师课堂笔记。

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