在Eclipse中使用Ant
Ant是Java平台下非常棒的批处理命令执行程序,能非常方便地自动完成编译,测试,打包,部署等等一系列任务,大大提高开发效率。如果你现在还没有开始使用Ant,那就要赶快开始学习使用,使自己的开发水平上一个新台阶。
Eclipse中已经集成了Ant,我们可以直接在Eclipse中运行Ant。
以前面建立的Hello工程为例,创建以下目录结构:
新建一个build.xml,放在工程根目录下。build.xml定义了Ant要执行的批处理命令。虽然Ant也可以使用其它文件名,但是遵循标准能更使开发更规范,同时易于与别人交流。
通常,src存放Java源文件,classes存放编译后的class文件,lib存放编译和运行用到的所有jar文件,web存放JSP等web文件,dist存放打包后的jar文件,doc存放API文档。
然后在根目录下创建build.xml文件,输入以下内容:
haltonfailure="false"
failureproperty="tests.failed"
showoutput="true">
***********************************************************
**** One or more tests failed! Check the output ... ****
***********************************************************
author="true"
version="true"
use="true"
windowtitle="Test API">
Hello, test]]>
All Rights Reserved.]]>
以上xml依次定义了init(初始化),compile(编译),test(测试),doc(生成文档),pack(打包)任务,可以作为模板。
选中Hello工程,然后选择“Project”,“Properties”,“Builders”,“New…”,选择“Ant Build”:
填入Name:Ant_Builder;Buildfile:build.xml;Base Directory:${workspace_loc:/Hello}(按“Browse Workspace”选择工程根目录),由于用到了junit.jar包,搜索Eclipse目录,找到junit.jar,把它复制到 Hello/lib目录下,并添加到Ant的Classpath中:
然后在Builder面板中钩上Ant_Build,去掉Java Builder:
再次编译,即可在控制台看到Ant的输出:
Buildfile: F:/eclipse-projects/Hello/build.xml
init:
compile:
[mkdir] Created dir: F:/eclipse-projects/Hello/classes
[javac] Compiling 2 source files to F:/eclipse-projects/Hello/classes
test:
[mkdir] Created dir: F:/eclipse-projects/Hello/report
[junit] Running example.HelloTest
[junit] Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Time elapsed: 0.02 sec
pack:
[mkdir] Created dir: F:/eclipse-projects/Hello/dist
[jar] Building jar: F:/eclipse-projects/Hello/dist/hello.jar
doc:
[mkdir] Created dir: F:/eclipse-projects/Hello/doc
[javadoc] Generating Javadoc
[javadoc] Javadoc execution
[javadoc] Loading source files for package example...
[javadoc] Constructing Javadoc information...
[javadoc] Standard Doclet version 1.4.2_04
[javadoc] Building tree for all the packages and classes...
[javadoc] Building index for all the packages and classes...
[javadoc] Building index for all classes...
[javadoc] Generating F:/eclipse-projects/Hello/doc/stylesheet.css...
[javadoc] Note: Custom tags that could override future standard tags: @todo. To avoid potential overrides, use at least one period character (.) in custom tag names.
[javadoc] Note: Custom tags that were not seen: @todo
BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 11 seconds
Ant依次执行初始化,编译,测试,打包,生成API文档一系列任务,极大地提高了开发效率。将来开发J2EE项目时,还可加入部署等任务。并且,即使脱离了Eclipse环境,只要正确安装了Ant,配置好环境变量ANT_HOME=