mysql 5.7 多实例_MySQL 5.7 多实例安装部署实例

1. 背景

MySQL数据库的集中化运维，可以通过在一台服务器上，部署运行多个MySQL服务进程，通过不同的socket监听不同的服务端口来提供各自的服务。各个实例之间是相互独立的，每个实例的datadir, port, socket, pid都是不同的。

2. 多实例特点

* 有效利用服务器资源，当单个服务器资源有剩余时，可以充分利用剩余的资源提供更多的服务。

* 资源互相抢占问题，当某个服务实例服务并发很高时或者开启慢查询时，会消耗更多的内存、CPU、磁盘IO资源，导致服务器上的其他实例提供服务的质量下降。

3. 环境 [ 关闭SeLinux ]

[root@MySQL ~]# cat /etc/RedHat-release

CentOS release 6.9 (Final)

[root@MySQL ~]# uname -r

2.6.32-696.3.2.el6.x86_64

[root@MySQL ~]# getenforce

Disabled

4. 部署 [ 4个实例 ]

* 下载 MySQL 5.7 二制包 [ 推荐官方下载 ]　此下载版本大于5.7.5

[root@MySQL ~]# wget wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

* 解压 MySQL 5.7 二进制包到指定目录

[root@MySQL ~]# tar zxvf mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

* 创建 MySQL 软链接

[root@MySQL ~]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql

* 创建 MySQL 用户

[root@MySQL ~]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql

* 在 MySQL 二进制包目录中创建 mysql-files 目录 [MySQL 数据导入/导出数据专放目录]

[root@MySQL ~]# mkdir -v /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files

mkdir: created directory `/usr/local/mysql/mysql-files'

* 创建多实例数据目录

[root@MySQL ~]# mkdir -vp /data/mysql_data{1..4}

mkdir: created directory `/data'

mkdir: created directory `/data/mysql_data1'

mkdir: created directory `/data/mysql_data2'

mkdir: created directory `/data/mysql_data3'

mkdir: created directory `/data/mysql_data4'

* 修改 MySQL 二进制包目录的所属用户与所属组

1 [root@MySQL ~]# chown root.mysql -R /usr/local/mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64

* 修改 MySQL 多实例数据目录与 数据导入/导出专放目录的所属用户与所属组

[root@MySQL ~]# chown mysql.mysql -R /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files /data/mysql_data{1..4}

* 配置 MySQL 配置文件 /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld_multi]

mysqld    = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld

mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin

log        = /tmp/mysql_multi.log

[mysqld1]

# 设置数据目录　[多实例中一定要不同]

datadir = /data/mysql_data1

# 设置sock存放文件名　[多实例中一定要不同]

socket = /tmp/mysql.sock1

# 设置监听开放端口　[多实例中一定要不同]

port = 3306

# 设置运行用户

user = mysql

# 关闭监控

performance_schema = off

# 设置innodb 缓存大小

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M

# 设置监听IP地址

bind_address = 0.0.0.0

# 关闭DNS 反向解析

skip-name-resolve = 0

[mysqld2]

datadir = /data/mysql_data2

socket = /tmp/mysql.sock2

port = 3307

user = mysql

performance_schema = off

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M

bind_address = 0.0.0.0

skip-name-resolve = 0

[mysqld3]

datadir = /data/mysql_data3

socket = /tmp/mysql.sock3

port = 3308

user = mysql

performance_schema = off

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M

bind_address = 0.0.0.0

skip-name-resolve = 0

[mysqld4]

datadir = /data/mysql_data4

socket = /tmp/mysql.sock4

port = 3309

user = mysql

performance_schema = off

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M

bind_address = 0.0.0.0

skip-name-resolve = 0

* 初始化各个实例 [ 初始化完成后会自带随机密码在输出日志中 ]

[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql_data1

[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql_data2

[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql_data3

[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql_data4

* 各实例开启 SSL 连接

[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql_data1

[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql_data2

[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql_data3

[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql_data4

* 复制多实例脚本到服务管理目录下 [ /etc/init.d/ ]

[root@MySQL ~]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysqld_multi.server /etc/init.d/mysqld_multi

* 添加脚本执行权限

[root@MySQL ~]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld_multi

* 添加进service服务管理

[root@MySQL ~]# chkconfig --add mysqld_multi

5. 启动测试

* 查个多实例状态

[root@MySQL ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld_multi report

Reporting MySQL servers

MySQL server from group: mysqld1 is not running

MySQL server from group: mysqld2 is not running

MySQL server from group: mysqld3 is not running

MySQL server from group: mysqld4 is not running

* 启动多实例

[root@MySQL ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld_multi start

* 查看多实例状态

Reporting MySQL servers

MySQL server from group: mysqld1 is running

MySQL server from group: mysqld2 is running

MySQL server from group: mysqld3 is running

MySQL server from group: mysqld4 is running

* 查看实例监听端口

[root@MySQL ~]# netstat -lntp | grep mysqld

tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306        0.0.0.0:*                LISTEN      2673/mysqld

tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3307        0.0.0.0:*                LISTEN      2676/mysqld

tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3308        0.0.0.0:*                LISTEN      2679/mysqld

tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3309        0.0.0.0:*                LISTEN      2682/mysqld

6. 连接测试

* 实例1

[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock1  -p'z+Ilo*>s:3kw'

mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 6

Server version: 5.7.18

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> set password = '123456';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

* 实例2

[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock2  -p'b*AHUrTgu1rl'

mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 7

Server version: 5.7.18

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> set password = '123456';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)