基本用法
read命令主要用于从标准输入读取内容或从文件中读取内容,并把信息保存到变量中。其常用用法如下所示:read [选项] [文件]选项解释-a array将内容读取到数值中,变量默认为数组且以空格做为分割符
-d delimiter遇到指定的字符即停止读取
-n nchars指定最多可以读入的字符数,即定义输入文本的长度
-r屏蔽转义符
-p prompt显示提示信息
-s静默模式,在输入字符时不在终端中显示,常用于密码输入等
-t timeout指定超时时间
-u FD从文件描述符中读入,该FD可以由exec开启
用法示例
1、从标准输入读入[root@localhost test]# cat read.sh#!/bin/bashecho -n "Please input your name:"read nameecho "Hello $name"[root@localhost test]# bash read.shPlease input your name:Jack
Hello Jack
2、指定显示信息从标准输入读入[root@localhost test]# cat read.sh#!/bin/bash# echo -n "Please input your name:"read -p "Please input your name:" name# read nameecho "Hello $name"[root@localhost test]# bash read.shPlease input your name:Jack
Hello Jack
在以上示例中,read是一次可以接受多个参数的,如下所示:read -p "Please input your name:" firstName secondName lastName
但需要注意的事项如下:如果输入的数据少于变量个数,则多余的变量不会获取到数据,即变量值为空
如果输入的数据多于变量个数,则超出的数据将全部赋给最后一个变量
如果在read命令后面没有定义任何变量,脚本在执行时,如果用户输入数据,此时数据则保存到环境变量$REPLY中
3、指定超时时间[root@localhost test]# cat read.sh#!/bin/bashif read -t 3 -p "Please input your name:" firstName secondName lastNamethen
echo "variable is $firstName - $secondName - $lastName"else
echo -e "\ntimeout\n"fi[root@localhost test]# bash read.shPlease input your name:
timeout
4、从指定文件中读取内容[root@localhost test]# cat -n test.txt
1 this is test text.
2 this is second line.
3 Hello world
4 C# Main
5 Python# 使用-u选项[root@localhost test]# cat readtest.sh#!/bin/bashexec 5
count=0while read -u 5 vardo
let count=$count+1 echo "Line $count is $var"doneecho "Total line count is $count"exec 5
[root@localhost test]# bash readtest.shLine 1 is this is test text.
Line 2 is this is second line.
Line 3 is Hello world
Line 4 is C# MainLine 5 is Python
Total line count is 5# 使用管道[root@localhost test]# cat readtest.sh#!/bin/bashcount=1
cat ~/test/test.txt | while read linedo
echo "Current line $count - $line "
let count=$count+1doneecho "Total line count is $count"[root@localhost test]# bash readtest.shCurrent line 1 - this is test text.
Current line 2 - this is second line.
Current line 3 - Hello world
Current line 4 - C# MainCurrent line 5 - Python
Total line count is 1# 使用重定向[root@localhost test]# cat readtest.sh#!/bin/bashcount=0while read linedo
let count=$count+1 echo "Current line $count - $line "done
Current line 2 - this is second line.
Current line 3 - Hello world
Current line 4 - C# MainCurrent line 5 - Python
Total line count is 5
原文出处:https://www.cnblogs.com/surpassme/p/9576464.html